My Papers - 2120 Words

Inherit the Wind Study Guide: MOVIE: 1. Why is the teacher arrested? Bertham (Bert) Cates was teaching evolution to his high school biology students. 2. What is â€Å"Holy† to Henry Drummond? The individual mind was â€Å"Holy† to Henry Drummond. 3. Initially, the men on the town council are upset about the trial. Why do they change their mind? Matthew Harrison Brady, who portrays William Jennings Bryan in real life, is coming to Hillsboro, Tennessee to be the prosecutor. This will bring many people to the town and it will be a known city on the map. 4. There is a banner draped across the front of the courthouse. Why is it an issue? What does Drummond want done about it? The banner reads, â€Å"Read your Bible†. It is an†¦show more content†¦It comes to play because â€Å"indeterminate length† was referring to how long the day was in the Bible during the process of Creation. In the Bible, it is written that the world was created in 6 days; the 24 hours were not created until later, so the â€Å"6 days† can actually be months or years more. 28. How does a â€Å"multiplication table† come into play at the trial? Human intellect has the power to advance human kind while religion stifles human inquires. Multiplication tables had to be thought out and would have never been created if people didn’t use their brains to think and kept the idea of fundamentalism. (Definition is part of the answer on number 17) 29. Under cross-examination, Brady acknowledges that G-d speaks to him. How does Drummond use this revelation to make him seem foolish? He poses the question to Brady why G-d gave people the ability to think. Brady accuses Drummond of trying to destroy everyones belief in God. Drummond angrily replies that he is . . . trying to stop you bigots and ignoramuses from controlling the education of the United States! 30. What is the verdict? Why is the judge so lenient? The verdict is that Bert Cates is guilty. He is given a fine that will be paid by Hornbeck’s newspaper. The judge is so lenient because before he gave the punishment, the mayor of the town, who evidently is Tommy Stebbins’ father, reminds the judge that November is coming up and the town will be voting to keep or to replace the judge. 31. WhoShow MoreRelatedMy Paper1326 Words   |  6 PagesFunctions of Management Paper MGT/330-Management: Theory, Practice and Application July 4, 2010 Matthew Jordan Functions of Management Paper Management is the key to accomplishing organizational goals. With effectiveness (achievement of the goals) and efficiency (achievement of goals while utilizing resources such as money, time, materials and people without waste), it can be the difference between great management and poor management. 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Deaf Culture And Interpreters History - 1368 Words

American Deaf Culture and Interpreters History Deaf culture in is one of America’s many sub-cultures, which means that it is a culture imbedded into the overall culture of the nation. What is unique about the deaf culture is that at times it is a sub-culture of a sub-culture, of a culture, for example the deaf community in Colorado is a sub-culture of Colorado’s culture, and Colorado culture is a sub-culture of the American culture. It can get even more complicated than even that, because say there is an African American deaf culture in the deaf community that adds another deaf culture. It is also unique and set apart from other cultures because of the language barrier between the deaf community and the hearing community. Deaf culture has only recently been accepted by the general public, as well as they have not always had access to an interpreter. Deaf culture has changed drastically since before the 1960’s. In today’s society deaf culture is not considered to be a population of animal like humans, but that was not the case before the 1960’s. In the past people who were deaf did not live normal lives, they were in a way the outcasts. If you were born deaf before the 1960’s there were not many options for the deaf, often times they were looked down upon and thought of as glorified animals. Because they were viewed as animals they were not accepted into the mainstream schools, even though there were a few institutes for the deaf, a lot of times families could not affordShow MoreRelatedThe Deaf Community and Deaf Culture Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesFrom antiquity, being deaf was looked upon as an undesirable and a culture which was disconnected with the rest of mainstream society. Often members of the community found themselves ostracized by members of other cultures, who viewed them with suspicion, and were thought to be possessed, or in communion, with undesirabl e â€Å"spirits†, particularly during the advent of the Christianity that was in practice during the Middle Ages. During this period, before the advent of Gutenberg’s metal, movableRead More Eradicating the Deaf-World Essays1469 Words   |  6 Pages Eradicating the Deaf-World Just like members of other minorities, such as Hispanics and African-Americans, Deaf people experience some of the same oppression and hardships. Although the attempts to fix members of and obliterate the DEAF-WORLD are not as highly publicized as problems with other minorities, they still exist. 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Most of theseRead MoreDeaf Again By Mark Drolsbaugh Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesIn Mark Drolsbaugh’s educational and witty autobiography â€Å"Deaf Again†, he describes his journey as a child born to deaf parents, losing his own hearing in his childhood, and navigating both hearing and deaf worlds while trying to discover his identity. In the first chapter, Drolsbaugh tells the story of his own childbirth. His mother Sherry’s childbirth experience was traumatic, to say the very least. Her needs and comfort were disregarded repeatedly by doctors and nurses alike, simply because theyRead MoreDeaf Americans: Community and Culture1427 Words   |  6 PagesAn average of 90% of all babies born deaf or with some type of hearing loss are born to hearing parents. Deafness can be caused by a variety of things both genetic and environmental. Upon learning their child is deaf, most hearing families try to find ways to fix what they feel is a defect. However, deaf families rejoice in their childs deafness because now they have another person to strengthen the deaf community and carry on the American Deaf culture. There are approximately 35 million peopleRead MoreAnalysis of Mark Drolsbough ´s Deaf Again781 Words   |  4 Pagesautobiography Deaf Again, Mark Drolsbaugh writes about his life being born hearing, growing up hard of hearing, to eventually becoming deaf. By writing this book, he helps many people view from his perspective on what it is like for someone to struggle trying to fit in the hearing society. Through his early years, his eyes were closed to the deaf world, being only taught how to live in a hearing world. Not only does the book cover his personal involvement, but it covers some important moments in deaf historyRead MoreThe Case Of Bank Of America Vs. The Deaf1234 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity at employment. In the case of Bank of America vs. the deaf employee who wanted an interpreter to work with them, there was an indication of discrimination towards the individual. The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, was applied to prevent these types of acts to happen , and due to the issues Bank of America had in rebellion of this act, caused the lawsuit by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). History and Background of ADA The Americans With Disabilities Act ofRead MoreDeaf : The Deaf Community1351 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a Deaf community within nearly every community in America. Spanning across the country, this community overlaps with many other minority groups. There is a Deaf community within nearly every minority group not only in America, but worldwide. According to DeafQueer.org, the Deaf LGBT community is a community is a minority within a minority, making up ten percent of the Deaf community, or 2.8 million people. Although they span many races, classes, and sexualities, Deaf LGBT people tend toRead MoreLove Is Never Silent1191 Words   |  5 PagesDeaf Event For my American Sign Language class I needed to attend some type of Deaf event. The event I chose was the showing of Love is Never Silent on October 22nd from 6-8pm in Wiley Hall at the University of Minnesota. Love is Never Silent is a very touching and powerful television movie from 1985. This movie can help the hearing world get a look at what it is like to have family members that are Deaf. This movie was also probably an inspiration for Deaf people by how relatable it could beRead MoreWhy Are Sign Language Interpreters And Their Own Values And Beliefs Through The Use Of Tools And Resources1023 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresenting a variety of races, creeds, ethnicities, and religions with their own set of values, beliefs, and customs. Thus, two people from different cultures may not fully understand each other even if they are familiar with one another’s language in general. Sign language interpreters (SLI) are people who facilitate communication between Deaf people, har d-of-hearing people, and hearing-people of different races, ethnicities, religions, etc. Since â€Å"cultural context†¦provides the overall framework

To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools Free Essays

Theory: My reason for choosing plastic and coconut as the best insulator is because company’s use plastic when producing things to contain heat. An example of this is a kettle, which use’s plastic to keep the heat in so that it does not escape. Plastic is also used on the handles of pot’s and pans, which deal with a lot of heat when cooking. We will write a custom essay sample on To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coconut is also a good insulator because when you cut down a coconut from the palm tree there is a lot of liquid inside of it. This liquid is kept inside of with out having the liquid evaporating. When you combine the two together you get the best of both. You are also trapping air in between the two materials. There are also three ways heat can travel these as conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction: This is the process in which heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by vibrating into each other hence passing the energy. All materials allow energy to pass through them by conduction. The particles of a gas are spread out making them poor conductors of energy because they are so spread out. Convection: If a temperature difference arises within a liquid or a gas, then fluid motion will almost certainly occur. This transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. Radiation: The process of transmitting waves or particles through space, or some medium; or such waves or particles themselves. Waves and particles have many characteristics in common; usually, however, the radiation is predominantly in one form or the other. Variables: In this investigation there are many variables. I will have to do many things to ensure this is a fair investigation. 1. I will change the water each time I complete a set of results and use the same source of water. 2. I will use the same copper mug for all experiments. 3. I will heat all water to 80C 4. I will work in the same conditions each time. 5. I will use the same amount of material each time 6. I will use a lid of tin foil each time. 7. The mug will have one layer of tin foil around it. 8. The mug will be kept away from anything that may speed up the time it takes to cool Safety precautions: To keep the experiment safe I shall * Wear goggles at all times due to the danger of hot water * Wear a thick overall, which can be removed if any hot water is spilled. * Wear gloves to protect hands from being burnt. Equipment 1 mug 1 kettle 1 thermometer 1 heat mat 1 water source 1 of each material (5 in total) 1 tin foil lid Method:In the experiment, I am going to test 5 different materials in order to discover which is the best at insulating heat. We are to test the materials by wrapping them around a mug, which I will fill with 200ml of hot water at 80c and take the temperature every minute for 10 minutes. This will enable me to see the temperature decline clearly. I will repeat this sequence 3 times for each material to make sure it is fair and take a table of averages at the end. I will be using a thermometer to record the temperature, which is accurate to O.5c. The thermometer will be placed through the tin foil lid. Preliminary Experiment: This is the first of the series in which I used only the mug with a layer of tin foil around it. I used no lid so I could see the effects of convection and then decide on whether to use a lid in the real experiments using materials. In this we tried to use 300ml of water but found it to be impractical so will use only 200ml for the final experiment. Trying to get water at any temperature higher than 80oc was a rush and mistakes can be made in a rush so we will use 80oc in the final experiment. We tried using a data logger with a heat probe and a thermometer. We discovered cooling was very quick in this way so we will use a lid in the final experiment. We found the data logger to be rather unreliable so will use the thermometer in the real experiment. Analysis. Graphs and tables on separate sheet. Conclusion: The graph shows a trend with all the materials I have tested in that they all show negative correlation. As time goes on (as temperatures are displayed on the graph for every minute), the temperature of the water decreases. The graph shows the steady decline of temperature with the continuance of time over the ten minute testing time. The poorer insulating materials have steeper declines. The better insulating materials have less steep/ flatter declines. There is a range between the temperatures of the water after the ten minute testing time of 4.5 oC between the best and worst insulating material. In the early stages of the graph, the points ( of temperatures vs. time ) are all fairly close together. With the further continuance of time, larger ranges of temperature occur on the graph as aspects such as conduction, convection and radiation play further part in the cooling process. It is these 3 factors which an insulating material must contend with to determine how good it is at insulating heat. Conduction is the most influential factor of this cooling investigation so the better insulating materials needed to be good at trapping air to insulate heat as air is a poor thermal conductor which explains why felt and coconut on plastic were better insulators than cotton for example because coconut on plastic and felt are both thick materials and made of matted fibres so were able to trap air and insulate the heat well. In theory, the wool should have been best at reducing conduction as it is very thick and matted but it has square gaps between each strand ofwool where it has been sown together allowing heat to pass through. The poor insulating materials (Nylon and cotton) are very thin so unable to trap air hence being poor thermal insulating materials. The graph reflects the influence of conduction as the materials best at reducing it cooled slowest. Convection occurs through the sides of the mug but mainly through the top of the mug. To prevent this I have used a tin foil lid. This makes it fajr for all tested materials as they all have convection reduced equally out of the top of the mug leaving the material to insulate the convection occurring through the sides. Radiation can be absorbed or reflected by opaque surfaces and dull rough surfaces absorb more heat. This is much like the properties of coconut on plastic which is why it was good at insulating radiation because its outer plastic could absorb radiation and the dull and rough inside coconut could also absorb heat. This is another reason why it performed best. How to cite To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools, Papers

Dead poets society. Essay Example For Students

Dead poets society. Essay Mr. Keating, a new English teacher came to the school and changed that. He taught the students to express themselves, suck the marrow out of life and to seize the day. Mr. Keating did not force his students to do anything, he left their choices up to them and let them do what they wanted. Seatings only wish was for his students to live fun, enjoyable incredible lives. The students found a photo of Mr. Keating in an old yearbook with a caption reading- John Keating the man most willing to do anything, Leader of the Dead Poets Society. The boys were curious and approached Mr. Keating. He explained to the students what dead poets society was and how it was a mistake and how gods were created, women swooned, and spirits soared. Neil the most enthusiastic boy suggested that they try it out and all his friends conformed to his idea. Mr. Keating did not tell the boys to reform these meetings, as he knew they were against the school rules. The one thing that caused the boys to do this would have been the reverse physiology Keating used. Mr. Keating taught his students to enjoy poetry and live through it not Just write it. He taught them to be individuals, live their dreams and follow their hearts. This changed many of his students personalities. They changed for the better and some of his students finally found out what they wanted in life. Neil wanted to be an actor. He was extremely talented at it and decided to disobey his father and perform in a local play. He performed in the production of: A Midsummer Nights Dream. His father however wasnt pleased, as he wanted his son to become a doctor. After Nils wonderful performance his father rushed him home and told him that he was sending him to Military school for another ten years to get rid of any other ideas of having an acting career. Neil gets depressed, he has tried his hardest to seize the day and his father cannot accept him as anything but a doctor. That night Neil commits suicide by shooting himself. Mr. Mrs. Perry, students and teacher immediately look for someone to blame. Nils parents refuse to believe that they were the cause of their sons death and turn to he schools headmaster, Mr. Nolan. Mr. Nolan points out how Mr. Seatings unorthodox, creative teaching methods have inspired the student and changed t personalities and the blame is put on Mr. Keating. The headmaster and Mr. and Perry start blaming Mr. Keating for brainwashing Neil, which eventually led to his death. I dont think Mr. Seatings actions were responsible for Nils death. I think that N life was an act to please his father. Neil didnt have a close relationship with his father and had no say in what he did in his life. When Neil participated in the Pl deiced Just how much of his life he was missing out on, his eyes were opened t much fun he could really have and how enjoyable life could be. Neil was not SST enough to confront his dad and tell him how he really felt because of the lack of communication between them. I feel that Mr. Keating allowed Neil to see how m he was missing out on and how much he was suffering. I think that what Mr. Noel did, was unjust and was unfair towards Mr. Keating. Keating changed these stud lives; he gave them the boost they needed to survive a strictness of Walton. Keats never expected it to end in tragedy.

Coca-Cola Essay Essay Example

Coca-Cola Essay Essay COLA-WARS Main Issue: Factors causing the decline in CSDs and Cola Sales: - Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSDs), the foundation of Coca-Cola’s brand is declining, although it still holds the highest market share in comparison to non-CSD beverages. Coca-Cola is at risk of eventually producing a negative return from its CSDs and to be outperformed by non-CSDs, non-carb beverages and bottled water within its own product line, and with its competitors if the current trends persist in the future. A combination of factors have played a role in the CSD downturn, including a significant change in consumer behaviour and perceptions, government regulations, increase in input prices, competitor innovations, financial indicators and production complexities that all contribute to Coca-Cola’s diminishing sales for which will all be examined and discussed in detail throughout the following body. In 1886, Coca-Cola was developed and its bottling network grew rapidly and reached 370 franchises by 1910. Its introduction of a carbonated soda beverage was like no other on the market where demand had a steady incline until the mid-2000s. During this period, the market entered into an economic downturn, sales declined as consumers opted for cheaper alternatives. (#) In addition to a lowered disposable income, there have been growing health concerns about CSDs and proven linkage between obesity and nutrition. The public began to view the ingredients as unnatural and unhealthy, where hazardous concerns about ingredients increase from 40% in 2004 to 53% in 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In response, initiatives to discourage purchase involved a 20% tax with the intentions to cut calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49% a per a day in the US and the banishment of these drinks on school premises had a negative effect on Coca-Cola’s sales and market share. Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor for its business. The health conscious consumer base grew which lead to a significant shift in the market where there is an increase in non-CSDs, fruit drinks and bottled water. Consumption of CSDs maintained a steady incline from the 1970s and peaked in 2000 with 53. 0 to 46. 0 in 2009 and market share went down to 17. 0 from 20. 4 in 2000. Operations ran efficiently where its high speed production lines that was interchangeable only for productions of similar type and packages of similar size. However, with the spike in non-CSDs, production processes had to accommodate expensive modifications for the complicated alternative beverages caused. The finished goods required a smaller but specialized production process that were challenging for bottlers to make with their existing infrastructure. Bottlers became vulnerable as they were not fully participating in the new growth of the business and also being bypassed by Coke in the distribution of their non-CSDs. Also, mass merchandisers that used its size to exert pricing pressures on Coke who only wanted to negotiate marketing and shelving arrangements directly with concentrate makers which are a traditional practice of bottlers that benefited from distributing in exclusive territories. Bottlers incurred higher distribution and sales costs where cost of goods reached 90% of sales, the highest level in more than two decades. Supplier inputs and fierce competition which resulted in pricing discounts becoming the norm which had Coke struggling to maintain its market share. Consumers are now at the point of expecting sales and are less inclined to make purchases at a regular retail price which has keeps Coca-Cola’s margins. In addition, merchandisers who use its power to exert pricing pressure and substantial rebates for major accounts, such as reducing its per unit price to its franchisees to $1. 45 from $6. 20, 23% weighs heavily on Coca-Cola’s sales but it necessary to secure accounts away from its competitors. SWOT Analysis| Coca-Cola| Strengths| * Coke and Pepsi offered â€Å"direct store door† delivery, where sales people secured shelf space, stacking the products, trademark positioning and setting up point of purchase or end of aisles display. * Smaller national brands such as Shasta and Faygo distribute through food store warehouses where * The retailer is responsible for storage, transportation, merchandising and stocking shelves, thereby incurring additional cost * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Pressure to spend more on advertising, product and packaging proliferation, widespread discounting these factors resulted in higher capital requirements and lower profit margins * Retained deals with Burger King and McDonald’s (the largest national account in terms of sales) * In 2009, New Freestyle soda machine which could create dozens of different kinds of custom beverages (Restaurants had to pay a 30% premium for freestyle compared to regular fountains)| Weaknesses| * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Production difficulties with non-CSDs * Additional bottling expenses through specialized production processes * Strained relationship with bottlers| Opportunities| * Further international extensions * Product innovation * Bottler process improvement through its consolidation| Threats| * Early 2000s consumption of CSD declined * By 2009, the average American drank 46 gallons of CSDs per year, the lowest since ‘89 * Starting in the late 90s America still dr ank more CSDs, than any other beverage but consumption started to decline * **Health concerns – growing linkage between issues of obesity and nutrition * In 2005, Federal nutrition guidelines identified regular CSDs as the larger source of obesity –causing sugars in the American Diet * Schools throughout the nation banned the sales of soft drinks on their premises * Several states pushed for soda tax on sugary drinks * Government study suggested that a 20% tax could cut the calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49 calories a day per person in the US * Tax on sodas became the new measure * Consumers started to view high fructose corn syrup as unnatural and unhealthy * 53% of Americans were concerned that the ingredient posed a health hazard in 2010 compared to 40% in 2004 * ***Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor to its business * 80% of sales from international markets-serving over 200 countries * Limited pricing controls| Weighted SKF| | Coca-Cola| Pepsi| Strength Measure| I. M| S. R| Score| S. R| Score| Image/Reputation| . 15| 10| 1. 5| 9| 1. 35| Distribution Capacity| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Financial Resources| . 15| 8| 1. 2| 7| 1. 05| Price| . 15| 6| . 9| 6| . 9| Marketing/Advertising| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Acquisitions/Extensions| . 05| 10| . 5| 10| . 5| Sum of I. M| 1. 00| | Weighted Overall Strength| 54| 9. 1| 52| 8. 75| 1. Image/Reputation Coca-Cola – Market survey on brand loyalty indicate that more consumers preferred Coke over Pepsi as their favorite CSD brands in 2010. * Pepsi – Redesigned its logo in 2008 with a three year rebranding plan that could cost over $1 billion to rejuvenate its image. 2. Distribution Capacity * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have around 100 plants for nationwide distribution with the capacity to serve the entire US. 3. Financial Resources * Coca-Cola – Net Profits/Sales: 22% * Pepsi – Net Profits/Sales: 13. 8 % 4. Price * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both engage in severe price wars to retain customers as their purchasing behaviour indicates no brand loyalty where they seek cheaper alternatives in the economic downturn Mass merchandisers use its power to exert pricing pressures Substantial rebates for corporate accounts 5. Marketing/Advertising * Coca-Cola – Spent 5540 million in marketing support for its top bottlers Patented unique skirt design became an American Icon. Its marketing campaign, â€Å"Real Coca-Cola taste with zero calories† was the most successful product launch that produced double digit growth * Pepsi â€Å"Pepsi Generation† marketing campaign, which targeted the young and â€Å"young at heart. † The campaign helped Pepsi narrow Coke’s lead to a 2-to-1 margin 6. Acquisitions/Expansions * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have formed alliances to incorporate their core competencies and expand into foreign markets

The Brief History of Smartphones

The Brief History of Smartphones In 1926, during an interview for Collier magazine, legendary scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla described a piece of technology that would revolutionize the lives of its users. Here’s the quote: When wireless is perfectly applied, the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole. We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance. Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though we were face to face, despite intervening distances of thousands of miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do his will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket. While Tesla might not have chosen to call this instrument a smartphone, his foresight was spot on. These future phones  have, in essence, reprogrammed how we interact with and experience the world. But they didn’t appear overnight. There were many technologies that progressed, competed, converged, and evolved toward the fairly sophisticated pocket companions we have come to rely on. The Modern Smartphone So who invented the smartphone? First, lets make it clear that the smartphone didn’t start with Apple - though the company and its charismatic co-founder Steve Jobs deserve much credit for perfecting a model that has made the technology just about indispensable among the masses. In fact, there were phones capable of transmitting data, as well as featured applications such as email, in use prior to the arrival of early popular devices, such as the Blackberry. Since then, the definition of the smartphone has essentially become arbitrary. For example, is a phone still smart if it doesn’t have a touchscreen? At one time, the Sidekick, a popular phone from carrier T-Mobile, was considered cutting edge. It had a swiveling full-qwerty keyboard that allowed for rapid-fire text messaging, LCD screen, and stereo speakers. In modern times, few people would find a phone remotely acceptable that cannot run third-party apps. The lack of consensus is muddied even further by the concept of a â€Å"feature phone,† which shares some of the smartphones abilities. But is it smart enough? A solid textbook definition comes from the Oxford dictionary, which describes a smartphone as â€Å"a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps.† So for the purpose of being as comprehensive as possible, let’s begin with the very minimal threshold of what constitutes â€Å"smart† features: computing. Who Invented Smartphones? The first device that technically qualifies as a smartphone was simply a highly-sophisticated (for its time) brick phone. You know one of those bulky, but fairly exclusive status-symbol toys flashed in 80s movies like Wall Street? The IBM Simon Personal Communicator, released in 1994, was a sleeker, more advanced, and premium brick that sold for $1,100. Sure, a lot of smartphones today cost about as much, but remember that $1,100 in the 1990s was nothing to sneeze at. IBM had conceived of the idea for a computer-style phone  as early as the 70s, but it wasn’t until 1992 that the company unveiled a prototype at the COMDEX computer and technology trade show in Las Vegas. Besides placing and receiving calls, the Simon prototype could also send facsimiles, emails, and cellular pages. It even had a nifty touchscreen for dialing numbers. Extra features included apps for a calendar, address book, calculator, scheduler, and notepad. IBM also demonstrated that the phone was capable of displaying maps, stocks, news, and other third-party applications, with certain modifications. Tragically,  the Simon ended up in the heap pile of being too ahead of its time. Despite all the snazzy features, it was cost-prohibitive for most and was only useful for a very niche clientele. The distributor, BellSouth Cellular, would later reduce the price of the phone to $599 with a two-year contract. And even then, the company only sold about 50,000 units. The company took the product off the market after six months. The Early Awkward Marriage of PDAs and Cell Phones The initial failure to introduce what was a fairly novel notion of phones having a multiplicity of capabilities didn’t necessarily mean that consumers weren’t keen on incorporating smart devices into their lives. In a way, smart technology was all the rage during the late 90s, as evidenced by the widespread adoption of stand-alone smart gadgets known as Personal Digital Assistants. Before hardware makers and developers figured out ways to successfully merge PDAs with cellular phones, most people simply made due by carrying two devices. The leading name in the business at the time was Sunnyvale-based electronics firm Palm, who jumped to the fore with products such as the Palm Pilot. Throughout the generations of the product line, various models offered a multitude of pre-installed apps, PDA to computer connectivity, email, messaging, and an interactive stylus. Other competitors at the time included Handspring and Apple with the Apple Newton. Things started to come together right before the turn of the new millennium, as device makers began little by little incorporating smart features into cell phones. The first notable effort in this vein was the Nokia 9000 communicator, which the manufacturer introduced in 1996. It came in a clamshell design that was fairly large and bulky but allowed for a qwerty keyboard, along with navigation buttons. This was so that the makers could cram in some of the more sellable smart features, such as faxing, web browsing, email, and word processing. But it was the Ericsson R380, which debuted in 2000, that became the first product to be officially billed and marketed as a smartphone. Unlike the Nokia 9000, it was small and light like most typical cell phones. Remarkably, the phones keypad could be flipped outward to reveal a 3.5-inch black and white touchscreen from which users could access a litany of apps. The phone also allowed for internet access, though no web browser was available and users weren’t able to install third-party apps. The convergence continued as competitors from the PDA side moved into the fray, with Palm introducing the Kyocera 6035 in 2001 and Handspring putting out its own offering, the Treo 180, the following year. The Kyocera 6035 was significant for being the first smartphone to be paired with a major wireless data plan through Verizon, while the Treo 180 provided services via a GSM line and operating system that seamlessly integrated telephone, internet, and text messaging service.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smartphone Mania Spreads From East to West Meanwhile, as consumers and the tech industry in the west were still tinkering with what many referred to as PDA/cell phone hybrids, an impressive smartphone ecosystem was coming into its own across the way in Japan. In 1999, local upstart telecom NTT DoCoMo launched a series of handsets linked to a high-speed internet network called i-mode. Compared to Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), the network used in the United States for data transfers for mobile devices, Japan’s wireless system allowed for a wider range of internet services such as e-mail, sports results, weather forecasts, games, financial services, and ticket booking - all carried out at faster speeds. Some of these advantages are attributed to the use of â€Å"compact HTML† or â€Å"cHTML,† a modified form of HTML that enables full rendering of web pages. Within two years, the NTT DoCoMo network had an estimated 40 million subscribers. But outside of Japan, the notion of treating your phone as some sort of digital Swiss army knife hadn’t quite taken hold. The major players at the time were Palm, Microsoft, and Research in Motion, a lesser-known Canadian firm. Each had their respective operating systems. You might think that the two more established names in the tech industry would have an advantage in this respect. Yet, there was something more than mildly addictive about RIM’s Blackberry devices that had some users calling their trusty devices Crackberries. RIM’s reputation was built on a product line of two-way pagers that, over time, evolved into full-fledged smartphones. Critical to the company’s success early on was its efforts to position the Blackberry, first and foremost, as a platform for business and enterprise to deliver and receive push email through a secure server. It was this unorthodox approach that fueled its popularity among the more mainstream consumers.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apple’s iPhone In 2007, at a heavily-hyped press event in San Francisco, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs stood on stage and unveiled a revolutionary product that not only broke the mold but also set an entirely new paradigm for computer-based phones. The look, interface and core functionality of nearly every smartphone to come along since is, in some form or another, derived from the original iPhone’s innovative touchscreen-centric design. Among some of the groundbreaking features was an expansive and responsive display from which to check email, stream video, play audio, and browse the internet with a mobile browser that loaded full websites, much like what’s experienced on personal computers. Apple’s unique iOS operating system allowed for a wide range of intuitive gesture-based commands and eventually, a rapidly-growing warehouse of downloadable third-party applications.  Ã‚   Most importantly, the iPhone reoriented people’s relationship with smartphones. Up to then, they were generally geared toward businesspeople and enthusiasts who saw them as an invaluable tool for staying organized, corresponding over email, and boosting their productivity. Apple’s version took it to a whole other level as a full-blown multimedia powerhouse, enabling users to play games, watch movies, chat, share content, and stay connected to all the possibilities that we’re all still constantly rediscovering. Sources Chong, Celena. The inventor that inspired Elon Musk and Larry Page predicted smartphones nearly 100 years ago. Business Insider, July 6, 2015. Smartphone. Lexico, 2019.

Action since Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Action since - Essay Example His involvement reflected his keen interest in the company and with his work. He also wanted a safe working environment for his co-workers which show his interest in safeguarding the security rights for his employee workers. Soon, he realized that the safety plan occurs only on papers as he never saw the plan being implemented in a thorough manner. This made Gordon realized that he is just a low level employee. It has been evidently clear that the company is a growth-oriented company which has proven its image as a productive and as a most profitable one. For the company, other issues were not as important as they should be until they start hindering the profits or the provoked legal consequences. There was no authentic and working employee security memo which showed the lack of interest from company’s behalf for its employees. Gil, the VP of engineering has also played a key role in this case study. He can be referred as a dictatorial manager. He is very committed towards fulfilling his goals. Gil was known for his compassion, dedication and utmost involvement with his work. He is also known for reducing the 40 percent of the employees from the company’s new plant established in Arizona. He knows no emotions and feelings while working; in fact, he prefers the work in first place. The key differences in the personalities of Gil and Gordon and the organizational setup of the c ompany were the root-cause of the problem that emerged on the surface. The difference of organizational culture that Gordon felt between his new company and the Pacific Bell. The company did not provide any assistance to the employees for their personal development. Gordon also had differences with the key senior management personnel such as Gil. The dictatorial management style of Gil. His behavior and management style was one of the problems that stirred tension in the company and de-motivated his employees. To deal with the

Relationship with Boss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Relationship with Boss - Essay Example The traditional concept was top-down approach and there was no question of managing the relationship with the boss. However, in the modern context, the concept has changed and the both-way approach has begun to prevail within the various organizations. In present times, the subordinates are required to develop certain traits through which their relationship with the boss can be managed effectively. According to Geisler (2011), knowledge about the working habits of the boss is essential for the subordinates in order to manage the relationship. It has also been observed that the subordinates should communicate with the boss in the way which is liked by the latter. The values of the boss are required to be recognized by the subordinate and he or she should try to align the boss’s values with his or her own. The structure of this paper will be focused upon the various approaches mentioned by the writers of the two articles. In this section of the research paper, the understanding of the subordinate or the manager of the retail chain (about herself) will be discussed. The manager should be specific about the fact that in her relationship with the boss, she is holding one part, the other part being the boss. Hence, for making the relationship effective, the manager should understand her own necessities along with strengths and weaknesses and personal style. Although it is not possible to change the nature of any person and so do the boss and the subordinate, the manager should strive for recognizing her personal traits that are hindering the growth of an effective relationship with the boss. The manager should then try out ways through which her discrepancies can be eradicated and the relationship can be made worthy.

Term Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Term - Research Paper Example The country, according to the annual report released by the Department of Health, shows that while there is progress in fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there is still a long way to go in terms of the overall improvement of health services. The country still faces serious challenges for pregnant women, maternal mortality, poverty-related diseases and gender-based violence (2006). South Africa attracts a lot of attention from medical researchers due to the unbalanced health care among its citizens. In addition, the issue of racial apartheid was a problem prior to 1994 and this had a profound impact on the dissemination of health services among its citizens. Therefore, South Africa’s history of apartheid, unbalanced health care/ HIV-AIDS epidemic makes it an ideal place to examine. Location Geographically, the country is located on the Southern tip of the African continent. The Atlantic Ocean borders it on the west while the Indian Ocean borders it on both the South and East. Nam ibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe lie on its Northern border while Mozambique and Swaziland are located on its Northeast borders. South Africa uniquely encloses an independent kingdom called Lesotho (Inter Knowledge Corp, 2010). Population The country is about 472,000 square miles wide (equivalent to 1.2 million sq. km.) and lies beneath the Tropic of Capricorn. It is comprised of three geographical primary regions: an extensive central plateau – and a nearly unceasing cliff of mountain ranges that circle the plateau from the Western, Eastern and Southern side, with a strip of land along the coast (Inter Knowledge Corp, 2010). According to WHO statistics, South Africa has a population of approximately 50,133,000 with a gross national income per capita (PPP international $) of 10,360. In the year 2009, the life expectancy at birth m/f (years) was 54/55 but the probability of dying under five (per 1,000 live births) is currently unavailable. The total expenditure on health per capit a is approximated at 935 with a total expenditure on health % of GDP (2010) estimated at 8.9 (WHO, 2012). Government In pre-apartheid times, the South African government had a highly bureaucratic health care system. The administration of health care was divided into 14 separate departments, which were responsible for looking after the health of the different racial groups, the homelands, and six self-governing territories. The health care services were divided into preventive and curative among government departments, the provinces and the local authorities. The expenditure on tertiary health services was prioritized above primary health care services. This led to the development of a private health sector that is unregulated by the government. In addition, a lack of commitment by the government in terms of training, staffing and ways to eradicate poverty have contributed to the country’s high infant mortality, maternal mortality, life expectancy at birth and incidences of in fectious diseases (such as tuberculosis and measles) among many citizens, especially black people (Department of health, 2010). However, in 1994, South Africa was among the few African countries that had started transforming the health care system. Legislature passed bills that ensured equal distribution of resources, restructuring

Importance of SHRM in an Organization

Importance of SHRM in an Organization The importance of strategic human resource management in a business organization must be projected. Most of the organizations when was recently introduce the role of strategic HRM to the long-term growth and survival of the business organization. Most who are the these most of them managers of the managers have realized that specific defining the mission of their organization are better and able to give direction and focus activities. According to Ansoff (1979), who strongly recommended that, the success or failure of strategic planning is determined by a number of components which include the environment, organization structure and strategic decision making. When these three components are properly matched, the performance of any organization is optimized. Furthermore Lorange (1979) has describe that the importance of strategic planning is to accomplish a sufficient process of innovation to support and enhance the planning process and effective strategic planning does not have to be complicated but must be logical and focused on strategic decisions to be undertaken. Based on Alli (1992) who has presented characteristics of an effective strategic management as follows: 1. Clear direction and purpose. Objectives, goals, and strategic consistency. Continuous monitoring of internal and external environment. Integration of operating budget and profit plans with strategic plan. Continuous monitoring of progress with revision of plan and programs as appropriate. Creation of strategic atmosphere that foresters a team spirit Commitment of necessary resources and the development of system to provide necessary management information. SHRM has increased its importance since the 1980 and day by day it improved the role dramatically in business organizations. Because of, Globalization Government regulation Stronger knowledge or research base. Changing role for labor unions. Challenge of matching worker expectations with competitive demands. It is also important to ensure that staff management, human resource management work with the interests of the organization. Many organizations change and increase their view to HRM is a strategic rather than operational issue, and means that SHMR functions tackled and solved by the particular line manager. It is also requires attention to establishing, maintaining and developing the organizational management style and culture and involving management development programs. Therefore, it realized that, the SHRM is highly required in an organization. Without any proper plan business organization cannot achieve their goals. At the end, it realizes the need of strategic human resource management cannot be over-emphasized in a business organization. Purpose of SHRM activities in an organization (AC1.2):- Strategic Human recourse management plays an important role of the growth of the business organization .All the organization activities managed whose are fully incorporated into general management practice and supported by the specialist corporate HR functions. There is a correlation between the ways and methods in which each and every aspect is addressed, approached and organizational success, effectiveness and profitability. The key activities of SHRM are as follows with discussion with the impact on Tesco. Equal Opportunity/ diversity: Diversity describes peoples differences, in a business context; it often focuses on a particular set of characteristics which are: gender, ethnicity, religion, disability, age, sexual orientation, location, marital status. Tescos diversity programme is essential to keeping position as a leading employer. The programme helps Tesco maintain first-class reputation and the opportunity to maximize market share. Tesco feels that diversity is important because of employing and managing diverse people makes them well-rounded and balanced. Sexual orientation: The research discovered that lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) staff can sometimes feel lonely. Tesco committed to making sure that employees who are LGB can be comfortable being open about their sexual orientation at work. Staff planning: It is the process of analysis an organizations future needs in terms of number, skills and locations. It allows the organization to plan for the future employees and a vital for Tesco to plan for the future work force. The key elements involved are as follows: Work analysis: Work analysis is interesting, rewarding and fulfilling to the individual and profitable for Tesco. Tesco uses a workforce planning to establish the demand for new staff. The planning runs each year from the last week in February. There are quarterly reviews in May, August and November, so Tesco can adjust enrollment levels and recruit where necessary. It allows Tesco sufficient time and elasticity to meet demands for staff and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives. Fitting the work to people; fitting the people to work:- The process is abbreviated to FWP-FPW balance provides a sound basis on which to address to each of the following:- Job and work descriptions: parceling up task into occupations and patterns of work. Meanwhile- the behavior, attitude, skills, knowledge, expertise and technological proficiency required and asked for in jobs holder. Job description and person specification shows how a job-holder fits into the Tesco business. It helps Tesco to recruit the right people and provide a benchmark for each job in terms of responsibilities and skills. Recruitment: Attracting the right standard of applicants to apply for vacancies. Tesco first looks at internal Talent Plan to fill a vacancy. For external recruitment, Tesco advertises vacancies via the Tesco website www.tesco-careers.com or through vacancy boards in stores. People interested in store-based jobs with Tesco can approach stores with their CV or register though Job centre Plus. The store prepares a waiting list of people applying in this way and calls them in as jobs become available. Selection: identifying the critical behavior, attitudes, skills, knowledge, expertise and technological proficiency aspect are to be tested in individuals for capability and willingness; identifying the best to test, observe and understand the particular qualities. At the first stages of screening, Tesco selectors look carefully at each applicants summarizes education and job history. A candidate who passes screening attends an assessment centre. Applicants are given various exercises, including team-working activities or problem solving exercises. These involve examples of problems might have to deal with at work approved by the internal assessment centre. Induction: It identifies those qualities required as a condition of employment and ensures that people learn quickly and effectively to applied. In Tesco, the new employee joint to work through an induction and learn how to do their works. Employee and organization development: It identifies those areas where expertise and capability are not present or need to be improved. Tesco employees assess their own skills to give them a focus for their development. Tescos Options programme provides a long term route for development like leadership workshops. Work patterns: Reflecting the demands for maximizing and optimizing returns on investment in technology and expertise and ensure that product and service are available to customers and clients. Tescos purpose is to serve its customers. Their work pattern has the customer at the top. Tesco needs people with the right skills at each level of these patterns. There are six work levels at Tesco. This gives a clear structure for managing and controlling the organization. Each level requires particular skills and behaviors. Pay and rewards: Balancing the demands with offer and recognizing the actual and potential problems of retention for those who are coming into work. Its a most important activity of Tesco. The elements activities for effective staff pay and rewards scheme as follows. Expectations: all systems must meet of the jobs holder extent to be attracted and retained staff. Tesco lists current employees looking for a move, either at the same level or on promotion. They do Talent Plan or developing on the internal management Development programme to retain their current employees. Motivation: within the constraints illustrated above, all payments and reward motivates to an extent; the rewards offered to carry implications for nature, complexity and commitment to the work is required on their part. Tesco motivates its staff in many ways -financially and non-financially. Tesco apply Maslows hierarchy of needs, Herzbergs two sets of factors to motivation, theorist Elton Mayos motivation came from a number of factors and Taylors motivational theory to motivate their employee. Good pay and conditions satisfy basic needs. Reviews and Personal Development Plans ensure that their staffs are able to make progress and achieve higher goals. This benefit staff and Tesco. There are some other pay and rewards activity of elements to be done by the organizations includes Mixes of pay with other aspects, Occupational aspects, International, organizational and local variations, Respect and value and the nature of the work and working environment. Contribution of SHRM to the achievement of an organization Frank Mueller describe as the human resources are scarce, valuable, firm specific and difficult to imitate resources that can contribute significantly to the achievement of competitive advantage and should be regarded as strategic assets. The approaches of an organization to career planning, performance appraisals, reward management and employee development must be re-appraised according to vision, characteristics and mission outcomes as reflected in the SHRM plans, policies, and practices. Development responses aim to increase business skills, the application of business skills and the behavioral elements -whose contribute to effective performance to achieve its goal. Investment initiatives for individual, team and organization are toward to achieve high levels of organizational goal. Reward strategies aim to align the performance of the organization with the way it rewards its people, providing the necessary incentives and motivation to staff. Beardwell I 2004: Tesco has strategically integrated SHR plans. Managers have been to realize aspects of SHR in their decision making, has shown high commitment, attempting to gain acceptance from all employees, and offering to all employees basic and extended training. Tescos strategic direction is discussed with all employees to help individual to understand their role and importance. A human-resource-leading business strategy has helped Tesco to take the lead over its rivals in the fiercely-competitive UK supermarket sector. It has introduced a high commitment model which offers training and development to employees. It operates in a very competitive market; the consumer has a choice where to shop for their necessities. Their slogan every little helps used to show their commitment to customers, reduce prices and to increase the level of customer service which used in staff training to increase the knowledge of the work force. Tesco is widely reported in news papers to the success of the business. They are rapidly expanding has taken a great deal of their resources in the planning and implementing stage of expansion. The human-resource strategy at Tescos revolves work simplification, challenging unwritten rules, rolling out core skills to employees and performance management linked to achieving targets. Tesco ensures that each and every employee has the opportunity to understand individual role in contributing to purpose and values. The training provide by Tesco through the history, purpose, values, business goals, financial aims, operations and marketing strategy and commitment to customers. Tesco intends to increase the skills of its workforce to make learning into a truly integrated part of culture, as an important way of developing organizational flexibility and remaining ahead of its rivals. Future concentrates provides that all employees are responsible, accountable, consulted and informed. (Anonymou s 2003). (P-3)

Television’s Impact on its Viewers :: Television Media TV Essays

Television’s Impact on its Viewers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problems arise abundantly in almost every situation, and solutions are even more scarce. To find one great solution to a pressing problem of contemporary society is difficult, yet not impossible. Americans are plagued by the influences of television day in and day out. It is one of the main constants in many individuals lives, while grabbing the attention of families in ninety-eight percent of America’s homes and is kept on for an average of six and a half hours every day (Cheney 2). Perhaps there isn’t a problem so much in the fact that so many people have this mysterious box on for periods of time, but rather the problem lies in the way the viewer interprets the program that is being presented to them. How much control does the viewer really have over what programs they watch and when? How can a viewer monitor their viewing as well as their children’s in a manner that will benefit them both? And what is the solution for those wh o watch television for hours on end, giving up employment, schooling and other important duties? These questions will be addressed throughout the course of this paper, along with the best possible solutions that I have conjured up for such a controversial topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Television has become nearly unavoidable and American society is more affected by television than they realize. According to Nielsen Media Research, the average TV household in the United States now owns two sets, which are watched just over 30 hours every week by the typical American adult (Mahler 12). American society is more affected by television than is realized. Television offers thin slices of the real word, becoming a version of reality that is created by numerous components from mechanical parts to people, making up the medium of television. Because what is heard and seen on TV is a lot like what is experienced in real life, it’s easily and unconsciously assumed that what is on television- the sex, the violence, the commercials, the cartoons- is real, true, or normal. Viewers must realize the difference inbetween the fiction of TV and the reality of their own lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The term â€Å"couch potato† has been coined for those who sit around and watch television all day. Rutgers researcher Robert Kubey is one of the many academics troubled by the trend of excessive television viewing. Television’s Impact on its Viewers :: Television Media TV Essays Television’s Impact on its Viewers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problems arise abundantly in almost every situation, and solutions are even more scarce. To find one great solution to a pressing problem of contemporary society is difficult, yet not impossible. Americans are plagued by the influences of television day in and day out. It is one of the main constants in many individuals lives, while grabbing the attention of families in ninety-eight percent of America’s homes and is kept on for an average of six and a half hours every day (Cheney 2). Perhaps there isn’t a problem so much in the fact that so many people have this mysterious box on for periods of time, but rather the problem lies in the way the viewer interprets the program that is being presented to them. How much control does the viewer really have over what programs they watch and when? How can a viewer monitor their viewing as well as their children’s in a manner that will benefit them both? And what is the solution for those wh o watch television for hours on end, giving up employment, schooling and other important duties? These questions will be addressed throughout the course of this paper, along with the best possible solutions that I have conjured up for such a controversial topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Television has become nearly unavoidable and American society is more affected by television than they realize. According to Nielsen Media Research, the average TV household in the United States now owns two sets, which are watched just over 30 hours every week by the typical American adult (Mahler 12). American society is more affected by television than is realized. Television offers thin slices of the real word, becoming a version of reality that is created by numerous components from mechanical parts to people, making up the medium of television. Because what is heard and seen on TV is a lot like what is experienced in real life, it’s easily and unconsciously assumed that what is on television- the sex, the violence, the commercials, the cartoons- is real, true, or normal. Viewers must realize the difference inbetween the fiction of TV and the reality of their own lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The term â€Å"couch potato† has been coined for those who sit around and watch television all day. Rutgers researcher Robert Kubey is one of the many academics troubled by the trend of excessive television viewing.

Safety System in Aviation

Air travel has evolved to become one of the most commonly used modes of transport in the world. Different people have had different experiences; some positive others unpleasant, even fatal. Although still regarded, albeit statistically, as the safest mode of transport, several aviation accidents some with very high levels of fatalities have been witnessed. It has been a norm to rigorously analyse any airline accident so as to understand its potential cause and to prevent future similar occurrences. As noted by Taneja, (2002), the Boeing company reports that, with a statistic of 56%, the most common cause of air travel accidents involving commercial jet fleet is flight crew related, seconded by mechanical faults of the airplane at 17%, weather 13%, undetermined 6%, maintenance 4% and faults of the airport or air traffic controls 4%. At around 9. 16 Eastern American Standard Time on the 12th, November 2001 an American Airlines flight 587 Airbus A300-600 crashed into a residential area of Belle Harbour in New York City. This occurred minutes after takeoff from the John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport. The aircraft had left for Santo Domingo’s Las Americas International Airport. The accident killed all the 251 passengers, the 2 crew members and the 7 flight attendants on board and an additional five people on the ground. The plane was also badly damaged as a result of post crash fire. This aircraft crash occurred just two months after the New York City’s terror ist attacks, in which coincidentally, two American Airline planes had been involved and only 12 miles from the location of the New York terrorist attack site. The impact of the crash particularly elicited fear and suspicion from the American people who suspected potential terrorists attack. Aircraft details To better apply an analysis, it is imperative to understand the aircraft specifications. As released by the American Airline, the plane was an Airbus Industry, A300-600R manufactured in France with the registration (Tail number) N14053. The plane had a capacity of 251 seats all of which were occupied at the time of crash with a crew of 2 pilots and 9 flight attendants. The plane was powered by General Electronic Turbofan Engines (Two in number) and had had the latest maintenance check on the day preceding the crash (on the 11th, November, 2001. ) The flight also operated under the provisions of code 14 part 121 of the American Federal Government’s regulations and had an instrument flight rules fight plans, Air Safe, (2008). The Accident The National Transport Safety Board, (NTSB), the official investigators into the crash estimates that the time between the flight’s liftoff from the runaway in JFK international airport and ground impact was 103 seconds. National Transport Safety Board’s investigations indicate that, the aircraft crashed as a result of its rudder and vertical stabilizer separation from the airframe during flight. It asserts that following the departure of a Japanese Airline’s Boeing 747 just minutes ahead of the Airbus (the Flight Data Recorder indicated that the flight was about 105 seconds from the Japanese Airlines 747, NTSB, 2008), the plane experienced two instances of turbulence due to vortex encounter. The two planes had a separation of five miles at the time of the encounter. The vertical fin and one of the two engines of the aircraft had broken up landing away from the main impact site. The rudder and the vertical stabilizer were recovered at the Jamaican Bay, approximately one kilometre from the location of the main plane wreckage, while one of the plane’s engines, which also separated was recovered at a distance, several blocks from the main wreckage. Reports by NSTB indicates that following the effects of the larger aircraft’s (Japanese Airlines Boeing 747) motion, the area in which the Airbus took off was of very turbulent air. As the first officer tried to maintain the plane in an upright position by implementing aggressive rudder inputs, the turbulent air compromised the craft’s vertical stability making it to entirely snap. This made the aircraft to loose control and subsequently crash. The official cause of the accident as reported by the NTSB, therefore, was the excessive use of rudder to counter wake turbulence by the first officer, Condit, (2003). With the official cause of the accident established, the aircraft manufacturer, air control pilots and the airline had a share of shortcomings that resulted into the crash. The American authorities through the NTSB have stated that the Airbus model that crashed had an oversensitive rudder control system. The amount of ruder control witnessed from the data retrieved from the Flight Data recorder had resulted from increased pressure on the rudder pedals of the aircraft which were hazardous owing to the speed of the aircraft at that time. The plane manufacturer, Airbus however, blamed the Airline citing inadequacy in pilot training based on the fact that the pilots lacked adequate information on the characteristics of the rudder and assumed that the aircraft tail could withstand rudder deflections in either direction at high maneuvering speed, CNN, (2002). Other investigators suspected the accident as having occurred as a result of engine failure. The NSTB conclusion was based on the retrievals of the flight data recorder FDR from the ill fated plane. The FDR had recorded large ruder multidirectional movements signifying intense turbulence. According to Air Safe, (2008), there were two probable causes of the air crash; the flight crew inappropriate action on the rudder and the rudder system malfunctioning. During the investigation, the NTSB started by evaluating the accelerations preceding the crash, angular motions, cockpit displays, visual cues and flight control motions based on simulations of what could have occurred during the accident. This was followed by the evaluation of the probable flight control characteristics as certain inherent factors such as pilot perception and performance could have contributed to the crash. Tran,& Hernandez (2004) further ascertain that as part of the investigation undertaken by the National Transport Safety board (NSTB) in collaboration with NASA Ames Research Centre, onto the American Airlines Flight 587 crash, Vertical Motion Stimulators were used to in creating simulations of the original accident. The process involved evaluation of the possible acceleration experiences during the accident by; back-driving the retrieved cockpit control displays, out of the window scene, cockpit communications and both the Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice recorder retrievals. System Safety From the synopsis, it is imperative to note that there were full rudder deflections on both sides which made the plane to loose its balance leading to the crash. Although most transport airplanes are equipped with rudder limiter systems to limit deflections at high airspeed and the possibilities of structural overloads, the limiters should be a safety concern as they limit the pilot’s perception especially when the structural capabilities of an aircraft are constrained. A full deflection on one side followed by a similar deflection on the other side on an aircraft with rudder limiter systems may be an indication of structural loads far exceeding the capability of the aircraft Air Safe, (2008). Noteworthy, all systems have documented problem areas which often leads to severe malfunctioning, some of which are fatal. Some of the system safety problem areas include Standardization, risk assessment codes, software in use, human factors, the life cycle of a system, communication between stakeholders and the availability of data. Lack of Standardization could have been a potential cause of the Flight 578 crash. Lacking safety standard regulations could have led to the overlook of certain critical safety issues leading to the crash. The Airbus rudder was also not standardized. Standardization in the aeroplane part manufacture is lacking as different aircraft manufactures design the rudders for specific aeroplanes. The Planes rudders were oversensitive, making the first attendant to apply unnecessary pressure on the control leading to the crash. Had the rudders been standardized, the pilots even with minimal training could have known the appropriate measures to counter the turbulence, Tran, & Hernandez, (2004). Undoubtedly, the turbulence resulting from the preceding Japanese Airlines flight contributed to the fatal crash. This implies that probably the severity of such effects had not been correctly analysed during risk assessment. If they had been, then its effects had not been properly estimated. To avoid future accidents, stakeholders in the aviation industry should develop effective time separation between flights taking off and those leaving the airport. This can be made possible via the implementation of valid and reliable Risk Assessment Codes built upon valid data with the involvement of all the major stakeholders so as to minimize errors. Reports by the American Airlines indicate that the plane had been maintained a day prior to the crash. All airplanes should be properly checked using the MIL STD Standard 882 before being operational and using MORT to investigate, the operational cycle of the system. The complexity of an aviation system may make determination of errors elusive. Proper and consistent maintenance are a key to ensuring aviation safety and minimization of aviation accidents. The plane could have as well crashed as a result of engine failure or electric fault, an indication that proper maintenance was not undertaken prior to the flight. Human factors are the largest contributor to civil aviation accidents. It is reported that human error are the cause of 70-80% of all aviation accidents, (Taneja, 2002), 56% Boeing (2000). These factors include; inadequate crew resource management, distraction of the cockpit, cockpit indiscipline, fatigue and communication errors. The American Airlines Flight 587, primarily crashed as a result of misjudgement of the first attendant. It is therefore important to understand human factors in aircraft accidents for effective accident prevention, Taneja, (2002). Noteworthy, the extent to which human error leads to aviation accidents is still not properly understood. Proper understanding of human factors would enable safety investigators and implementers to offer recommendations and intervening strategies that could prevent future accidents. Some of the important errors resulting from human failure include; poor distance estimation, non adherence to instructions and perfunctory manner of operation. Flight 587 crashed mainly due to the first assistant’s overestimation of turbulence and the subsequent improper use of the rudders, Tran, & Hernandez, (2004). As a safety precaution, airline designers and manufactures should ensure that critical aspects such as effects of turbulence, critical distances, clearances and speeds are properly indicated on the system so as not to leave such important aspects to human intuition or guess. Instructions on the use of various components of an aircraft should also be short, clear and to the point as most people rarely read labels or instructions, critical to both the system’s and their personal safety. Furthermore, most technical personnel such as Flight engineers, aeronautical engineers, the flight control personnel and even system safety engineers and managers are lacking in system safety education and training. Proper education and training should be given to these personnel to minimize the possibilities of any future accidents. Although the crash of flight 587 is primarily attributable to human error, other factors owing to improperly managed systems could have been the cause of the accident. Consistent and well formulated system identification and analysis would certainly lead to improved aeroplane safety thereby minimizing aviation accidents. Ignoring accidents and aviation strategies would lead to accidents with repeated faults as commonly experienced, Condit, (2003). Ensuring safety of any airplane should be a step by step undertaking. Safety requirements should be adhered to from the time of conception until disposal. The life cycle of an airplane like any other system can be divided into five phases; the concept design, production, operations and the disposal phase. Safety precautions are critical in every stage to ensure safety and minimize financial losses. At the concept phase; a critical phase in the life cycle of an airplane, guided by the general and the specific objectives, a detailed description of the product detailing all the necessary requirements should be documented. Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) which assists in the assessment of possible hazards, time needed to develop the plane and all the necessary requirements for the success of the project should be applied during this stage. The design phase is key to the success of any airplane in terms of security and safety. All safety requirements and the governmental regulations should be adhered to. The design should be logical leading to the development of specific plans, drawings and specifications. At this stage, the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), Subsystem Hazard Analysis PHA, System Hazard Analysis (SHA) and Operational Hazard Analysis (OHA) should all be undertaken to ensure the implementation of proper designs. All these analysis would ensure proper identification of hazards not detected at the conception phase and additionally offer recommendations on possible control mechanisms of these hazards. All safety regulation pertaining to proper development of the end product should be adhered to minimize aviation accidents in the production phase. During this stage both the Operating System Analysis (OHA) and the Change Analysis are initiated. These serve to analyze potential threats during the operation of the system. At the operations phase; critical safety requirements such as regular mainten ance and checkups should be adhered to. This is to determine and correct any faults that would compromise the operation of an aircraft. Accident Analysis and change analysis should all be considered to minimize the possibilities of any aeroplane system malfunctioning. The disposal phase is an equally important phase. GAO, (2007), notes that most aeroplane owners, both individuals and companies, fail to know when to dispose of worn out or malfunctioned aircraft. This has led to an increment in aeroplane disasters; especially in the developing world, as worn out aeroplanes are still in use. OHA would aid in the determination of proper life cycle of the aircraft thereby assisting in the determination of when to properly dispose off the aircraft. To reduce the number of aviation accidents experienced, hazards must be identified and level of safety improved. Governments and airline industry officials must be proactive by anticipating possible accident causes rather than react to aviation accidents which are in most cases, quite devastating. Proper guidance coupled with research and instructional materials on cases of aviation accidents should be provided to the pilots and aviation professionals so as to minimize the possibilities of recurrence of such incidents. Proper and continued maintenance of the aircraft by the use of system safety products; the SSPP, PHL, PHA, HTL, SSHA, SHA, OHA and CAR through all the five stages of its life cycle could have possibly prevented the occurrence of this particular accident. Furthermore, adoption of risk assessment methodologies into the operations of the airline could have set standards that would have limited the possibility of the accident occurring. Furthermore, the data problem can be overcome via the consultations of and access to information in aviation data banks where past aviation accidents records can be accessed. Though speculative, Flight 587 accident could also be attributed to ignorance of similar prior experiences. A critical study and implementation of accident analysis reports of similar occurrences would have been handy in preventing the accident. The implementation of the recommendations of accident's Analysis reports could further offer insight into the real cause of the accident causing the prevention of any future accidents. The execution of fault tree analysis during the maintenance of the American Airline involved in the accident could have possibly reduced the chances of the accident occurring. This is because Fault tree analysis; through the application of deductive logic, analyses possible system faults starting from the major ones down to the minor ones. , Its prediction of occurrence of basic. Conditional, undeveloped, external and intermediate events are very important as it identifies fault causes, evaluates effects, evaluates further threats, assists in decision making Aviation accidents are inherently dangerous and unforgiving. Well balanced safety systems, prevention programs and intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent further aviation accidents. All airlines should adopt a System safety program by planning to initiate the program, establishing primary system safety tasks to conduct the program and initiating support tasks to maintain the program. Those who have initiated and conducted the program should seek to maintain the program to ensure that airplanes system safety is not compromised. These programs seek to protect airplanes from accidents as they ensure potential threats or hazards identification, leading to an in-depth analysis of such threats and further development of hazard control.

American Allegory essays

American Allegory essays Lester is lying in bed smiling contentedly at the ceiling. I feel like Ive been in a coma for the past twenty years. And Im just now waking up. (American Beauty). On the ceiling is Angela covered in deep red rose petals. Slowly the petals float down from her to Lester, showering him with lust. Does Lester Burnhams quote sound like a line from a comedy? Roger Ebert seems to think so. He has said the film is a comedy because we laugh at the absurdity of the hero's problems, and a tragedy because we can identify with his failurenot the specific details, but the general outline. Even though Ebert clearly packages American Beauty into the cookie cutter drama/comedy, the allowance he leaves in the last phrase should lead a person to reevaluate the films category. Comedy is defined as inciting within the viewer humor and mirth and ending happily (Konigsberg 59). Moreover, dark comedy allows laughter to be somewhat muted by our realization of serious implications and perhaps even by an unhappy ending (Konigsberg 59). The dark comedy definition fits American Beauty quite beautifully. The average person, however, would not equate muted laughter and an unhappy ending with comedy. We are left with only one alternative classification: the allegory. Allegorical films deal with expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence. It is very similar to a metaphor, which uses a seemingly unrelated object in place of another to show similarities (www.m-w.com). The Matrix, for example, can be considered an allegorical film. The audience walks away with an understanding that the movie did not have directly state. American Beauty accomplishes this. After watching the movie trailors, moviegoers expect a Lolita remake. American Beauty is linked to Mena Suvaris character Angela ...

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India From the often chaotic and fratricidal court of Indias Mughal Empire sprang perhaps the worlds most beautiful and serene monument to love - the Taj Mahal.  Its designer was the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan himself, a complex man whose life ended in tragic circumstances. Early Life The child who would become Shah Jahan was born on March 4, 1592, in Lahore, now in Pakistan. His parents were Prince Jahangir and his wife Manmati, a Rajput princess who was called Bilquis Makani in the Mughal court. The baby was Jahangirs third son. He was named Ala Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, or Khurram for short. As a child, Khurram was a particular favorite of his grandfather, Emperor Akbar the Great, who personally oversaw the little princes education. Khurram studied warfare, the Koran, poetry, music, and other subjects suitable for a Mughal prince. In 1605, the 13-year-old prince refused to leave his grandfathers side as Akbar lay dying, despite the potential threat from his fathers rivals for the throne. Jahangir succeeded to the throne, after crushing an uprising led by one of his other sons, Khurrams half-brother. The incident brought Jahangir and Khurram closer; in 1607, the emperor awarded his third son the fiefdom of Hissar-Feroza, which court observers took to mean that 15-year-old Khurram was now the heir apparent. Also in 1607, Prince Khurram was engaged to marry Arjumand Banu Begum, the 14-year-old daughter of a Persian nobleman. Their wedding did not take place until five years later, and Khurram would marry two other women in the meantime, but Arjumand was his true love. She later became known as Mumtaz Mahal - The Chosen One of the Palace. Khurram dutifully sired a son by each of his other wives, and then neglected them almost entirely. He and Mumtaz Mahal had 14 children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. When descendants of the Lodi Empire rose up on the Deccan Plateau in 1617, Emperor Jahangir sent Prince Khurram to deal with the problem. The prince soon put down the rebellion, so his father granted him the name Shah Jahan, meaning Glory of the World. Their close relationship broke down, however, over court intrigues by Jahangirs Afghan wife, Nur Jahan, who wanted Shah Jahans youngest brother to be Jahangirs heir.   In 1622, with relations at their zenith, Shah Jahan went to war against his father. Jahangirs army defeated Shah Jahans after a four-year fight; the prince surrendered unconditionally. When Jahangir died just one year later, in 1627, Shah Jahan became the Emperor of Mughal India. Emperor Shah Jahan As soon as he took the throne, Shah Jahan ordered his stepmother Nur Jahan imprisoned and his half-brothers executed, in order to secure his seat. Shah Jahan faced challenges and uprisings all around the edges of his empire, as well. He proved equal to the challenges from Sikhs and Rajputs in the north and west, and from the Portuguese in Bengal. However, the death of his beloved Mumtaz Mahal in 1631 nearly shattered the emperor. Mumtaz died at the age of thirty-eight after giving birth to her 14th child, a girl named Gauhara Begum. At the time of her death, Mumtaz was in the Deccan with Shah Jahan on a military campaign, despite her condition. The distraught emperor reportedly went into seclusion for an entire year  and was only coaxed out of mourning by his and Mumtazs eldest daughter, Jahanara Begum. Legend says that when he emerged, the forty-year-old emperors hair had turned white. He was determined to build his empress the most magnificent tomb the world had ever known. It took the next twenty years of his reign, but Shah Jahan planned, designed, and oversaw the construction of the Taj Mahal, the worlds most famous and beautiful mausoleum. Made of white marble inlaid with Jasper and agates, the Taj is decorated with Koranic verses in lovely calligraphy. The building occupied 20,000 workers over the course of two decades, including craftsmen from far-off Baghdad and Bukhara, and cost 32 million rupees. In the meantime, Shah Jahan began to rely increasingly on his son Aurangzeb, who proved an effective military leader and an Islamic fundamentalist from a young age. In 1636, Shah Jahan appointed him viceroy of the troublesome Deccan; Aurangzeb was just 18. Two years later, Shah Jahan and his sons took the city of Kandahar, now in Afghanistan, from the Safavid Empire. This sparked on-going strife with the Persians, who recaptured the city in 1649. Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658  and appointed his and Mumtaz Mahals eldest son Dara Shikoh as his regent. Daras three younger brothers immediately rose up against him and marched on the capital at Agra.  Aurangzeb defeated Dara and his other brothers  and took the throne. Shah Jahan then recovered from his illness, but Aurangzeb declared him unfit to rule and had him locked up in the Agra Fort for the rest of his life. Shah Jahan spent his last eight years gazing out the window at the Taj Mahal, attended by his daughter Jahanara Begum. On January 22, 1666, Shah Jahan died at the age of 74. He was interred in the Taj Mahal, beside his beloved Mumtaz Mahal.

Trailer Park Boys Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trailer Park Boys - Article Example The interesting thing about this trio is that they represent a certain paradox, being, on the one hand, â€Å"quintessentially Canadian†, and on the other, the embodiment of the universal human qualities. Spending their time doing things that are very Canadian, at the same time, there is nothing about them that might be called exclusively Canadian, and consequently, it is possible to claim that the characters are not solely determined by the country they originate from. Yet they surely have this touch of â€Å"Canadian air† that makes them alluring to the audience and adds a spicy note to the series. One more thing that makes the three main characters good for the comedy is their low status, as according to the popular opinion its easier for most people to relate to someone who is struggling through his or her life rather than someone who is rich and has everything he can wish for. Such â€Å"underdog† characters, according to Dan Brown, go back to Greek comedy, and they evoke sympathy since they are not hurting anyone apart from those â€Å"deserving† it – such as the government or insurance companies. Such characters seem to resonate with â€Å"the Robin Hood feeling† many people have rooted in their hearts. If we talk about the story itself, the way it is presented and structured is also supposed to contribute to the show’s success in the United States. Trailer Park Boys is presented as a pseudo-documentary – which is due to budgetary constraints yet is likely to stop the audience from surfing the channels once they come across the show. As a result, the series turns out to be quite cheap to shoot and at the same time interesting for people who watch it. It is also important that a lot of rude, curse and obscene words have been bleeped from the plot lines – they simply would not work for the Americans.

Communication in the Work Environment Assignment

Communication in the Work Environment - Assignment Example An example of this type of problem can be seen when a worker discovers that a piece of equipment is not working up to standard even though expectations have been clearly outlined that are need of that piece of equipment working at its optimum. Effective communication can be lost as the worker tries to explain the problem and the manager is only hearing excuses as to why expectations cannot be met. Failures in communications can result in strained relationships between managers and workers as information is not given or processed correctly. Management Style The way in which workers and managers communicate with one another is often defined by the management style that a manager will adopt. The type of leadership that is established will have an effect on how a worker responds and is able to communicate to the manager. As well, the way in which an individual has experienced speaking with leadership will also have an effect on how they can communicate to a manager. Communications styles develop long before an individual enters the workforce, but they can be trained in order to provide for more effective communications (Young, 2009). Often times it is a lack of communications training that will position a worker so that are unable to give information to an employer. There are four basic types of management that will affect the way in which communication develops between a manager and an employee. The four types are autocratic, paternalistic, democratic, and laissez-faire. In an autocratic type of management, information is proprietary and all decisions are made by the manager. A paternalistic manager will make decisions upon the basis of what is best for the employees. Through good relationships with employees, this type of manager acts as a guardian for their interests. In a democratic style of management the manager will allow employees a voice in the decision making process with discussions and a fairly free flow of information allowing for some equality within the groups and teams of the organization. In the laissez-faire form of management, the manager avoids his responsibilities and the employees end up picking up duties without any form of true organization (PM4DEV, 2007). An autocratic leader is one which leads through closing off his position from those under them so that it is difficult to communicate. In this type of leadership fear often develops because of the proprietary nature through which information is withheld. Employees will not be sure that the information that they are trying to communicate fits into the situation where little top down communication as occurred. A paternalistic manager might also see the same kind of reluctance from employees as they do not want to cause friction or issues with a leader who has become a friend or has been seen to be acting in the employees’ best interests. The democratic style of management allows for the best potential for good communications as the leader has formed relationship s with the employees but is still actively managing the business. Teamwork allows for a free flow of information so that employees understand the relevance of the information that they may choose to impart. Laissez-faire styles of management usually accompany a complete breakdown as the manager has specifically shown that they are not interested in the work and goals that need to be accomplished. It is clear that communication is best developed through management that includes building a