To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools Free Essays

Theory: My reason for choosing plastic and coconut as the best insulator is because company’s use plastic when producing things to contain heat. An example of this is a kettle, which use’s plastic to keep the heat in so that it does not escape. Plastic is also used on the handles of pot’s and pans, which deal with a lot of heat when cooking. We will write a custom essay sample on To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coconut is also a good insulator because when you cut down a coconut from the palm tree there is a lot of liquid inside of it. This liquid is kept inside of with out having the liquid evaporating. When you combine the two together you get the best of both. You are also trapping air in between the two materials. There are also three ways heat can travel these as conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction: This is the process in which heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by vibrating into each other hence passing the energy. All materials allow energy to pass through them by conduction. The particles of a gas are spread out making them poor conductors of energy because they are so spread out. Convection: If a temperature difference arises within a liquid or a gas, then fluid motion will almost certainly occur. This transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. Radiation: The process of transmitting waves or particles through space, or some medium; or such waves or particles themselves. Waves and particles have many characteristics in common; usually, however, the radiation is predominantly in one form or the other. Variables: In this investigation there are many variables. I will have to do many things to ensure this is a fair investigation. 1. I will change the water each time I complete a set of results and use the same source of water. 2. I will use the same copper mug for all experiments. 3. I will heat all water to 80C 4. I will work in the same conditions each time. 5. I will use the same amount of material each time 6. I will use a lid of tin foil each time. 7. The mug will have one layer of tin foil around it. 8. The mug will be kept away from anything that may speed up the time it takes to cool Safety precautions: To keep the experiment safe I shall * Wear goggles at all times due to the danger of hot water * Wear a thick overall, which can be removed if any hot water is spilled. * Wear gloves to protect hands from being burnt. Equipment 1 mug 1 kettle 1 thermometer 1 heat mat 1 water source 1 of each material (5 in total) 1 tin foil lid Method:In the experiment, I am going to test 5 different materials in order to discover which is the best at insulating heat. We are to test the materials by wrapping them around a mug, which I will fill with 200ml of hot water at 80c and take the temperature every minute for 10 minutes. This will enable me to see the temperature decline clearly. I will repeat this sequence 3 times for each material to make sure it is fair and take a table of averages at the end. I will be using a thermometer to record the temperature, which is accurate to O.5c. The thermometer will be placed through the tin foil lid. Preliminary Experiment: This is the first of the series in which I used only the mug with a layer of tin foil around it. I used no lid so I could see the effects of convection and then decide on whether to use a lid in the real experiments using materials. In this we tried to use 300ml of water but found it to be impractical so will use only 200ml for the final experiment. Trying to get water at any temperature higher than 80oc was a rush and mistakes can be made in a rush so we will use 80oc in the final experiment. We tried using a data logger with a heat probe and a thermometer. We discovered cooling was very quick in this way so we will use a lid in the final experiment. We found the data logger to be rather unreliable so will use the thermometer in the real experiment. Analysis. Graphs and tables on separate sheet. Conclusion: The graph shows a trend with all the materials I have tested in that they all show negative correlation. As time goes on (as temperatures are displayed on the graph for every minute), the temperature of the water decreases. The graph shows the steady decline of temperature with the continuance of time over the ten minute testing time. The poorer insulating materials have steeper declines. The better insulating materials have less steep/ flatter declines. There is a range between the temperatures of the water after the ten minute testing time of 4.5 oC between the best and worst insulating material. In the early stages of the graph, the points ( of temperatures vs. time ) are all fairly close together. With the further continuance of time, larger ranges of temperature occur on the graph as aspects such as conduction, convection and radiation play further part in the cooling process. It is these 3 factors which an insulating material must contend with to determine how good it is at insulating heat. Conduction is the most influential factor of this cooling investigation so the better insulating materials needed to be good at trapping air to insulate heat as air is a poor thermal conductor which explains why felt and coconut on plastic were better insulators than cotton for example because coconut on plastic and felt are both thick materials and made of matted fibres so were able to trap air and insulate the heat well. In theory, the wool should have been best at reducing conduction as it is very thick and matted but it has square gaps between each strand ofwool where it has been sown together allowing heat to pass through. The poor insulating materials (Nylon and cotton) are very thin so unable to trap air hence being poor thermal insulating materials. The graph reflects the influence of conduction as the materials best at reducing it cooled slowest. Convection occurs through the sides of the mug but mainly through the top of the mug. To prevent this I have used a tin foil lid. This makes it fajr for all tested materials as they all have convection reduced equally out of the top of the mug leaving the material to insulate the convection occurring through the sides. Radiation can be absorbed or reflected by opaque surfaces and dull rough surfaces absorb more heat. This is much like the properties of coconut on plastic which is why it was good at insulating radiation because its outer plastic could absorb radiation and the dull and rough inside coconut could also absorb heat. This is another reason why it performed best. How to cite To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools, Papers

Dead poets society. Essay Example For Students

Dead poets society. Essay Mr. Keating, a new English teacher came to the school and changed that. He taught the students to express themselves, suck the marrow out of life and to seize the day. Mr. Keating did not force his students to do anything, he left their choices up to them and let them do what they wanted. Seatings only wish was for his students to live fun, enjoyable incredible lives. The students found a photo of Mr. Keating in an old yearbook with a caption reading- John Keating the man most willing to do anything, Leader of the Dead Poets Society. The boys were curious and approached Mr. Keating. He explained to the students what dead poets society was and how it was a mistake and how gods were created, women swooned, and spirits soared. Neil the most enthusiastic boy suggested that they try it out and all his friends conformed to his idea. Mr. Keating did not tell the boys to reform these meetings, as he knew they were against the school rules. The one thing that caused the boys to do this would have been the reverse physiology Keating used. Mr. Keating taught his students to enjoy poetry and live through it not Just write it. He taught them to be individuals, live their dreams and follow their hearts. This changed many of his students personalities. They changed for the better and some of his students finally found out what they wanted in life. Neil wanted to be an actor. He was extremely talented at it and decided to disobey his father and perform in a local play. He performed in the production of: A Midsummer Nights Dream. His father however wasnt pleased, as he wanted his son to become a doctor. After Nils wonderful performance his father rushed him home and told him that he was sending him to Military school for another ten years to get rid of any other ideas of having an acting career. Neil gets depressed, he has tried his hardest to seize the day and his father cannot accept him as anything but a doctor. That night Neil commits suicide by shooting himself. Mr. Mrs. Perry, students and teacher immediately look for someone to blame. Nils parents refuse to believe that they were the cause of their sons death and turn to he schools headmaster, Mr. Nolan. Mr. Nolan points out how Mr. Seatings unorthodox, creative teaching methods have inspired the student and changed t personalities and the blame is put on Mr. Keating. The headmaster and Mr. and Perry start blaming Mr. Keating for brainwashing Neil, which eventually led to his death. I dont think Mr. Seatings actions were responsible for Nils death. I think that N life was an act to please his father. Neil didnt have a close relationship with his father and had no say in what he did in his life. When Neil participated in the Pl deiced Just how much of his life he was missing out on, his eyes were opened t much fun he could really have and how enjoyable life could be. Neil was not SST enough to confront his dad and tell him how he really felt because of the lack of communication between them. I feel that Mr. Keating allowed Neil to see how m he was missing out on and how much he was suffering. I think that what Mr. Noel did, was unjust and was unfair towards Mr. Keating. Keating changed these stud lives; he gave them the boost they needed to survive a strictness of Walton. Keats never expected it to end in tragedy.

Coca-Cola Essay Essay Example

Coca-Cola Essay Essay COLA-WARS Main Issue: Factors causing the decline in CSDs and Cola Sales: - Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSDs), the foundation of Coca-Cola’s brand is declining, although it still holds the highest market share in comparison to non-CSD beverages. Coca-Cola is at risk of eventually producing a negative return from its CSDs and to be outperformed by non-CSDs, non-carb beverages and bottled water within its own product line, and with its competitors if the current trends persist in the future. A combination of factors have played a role in the CSD downturn, including a significant change in consumer behaviour and perceptions, government regulations, increase in input prices, competitor innovations, financial indicators and production complexities that all contribute to Coca-Cola’s diminishing sales for which will all be examined and discussed in detail throughout the following body. In 1886, Coca-Cola was developed and its bottling network grew rapidly and reached 370 franchises by 1910. Its introduction of a carbonated soda beverage was like no other on the market where demand had a steady incline until the mid-2000s. During this period, the market entered into an economic downturn, sales declined as consumers opted for cheaper alternatives. (#) In addition to a lowered disposable income, there have been growing health concerns about CSDs and proven linkage between obesity and nutrition. The public began to view the ingredients as unnatural and unhealthy, where hazardous concerns about ingredients increase from 40% in 2004 to 53% in 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In response, initiatives to discourage purchase involved a 20% tax with the intentions to cut calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49% a per a day in the US and the banishment of these drinks on school premises had a negative effect on Coca-Cola’s sales and market share. Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor for its business. The health conscious consumer base grew which lead to a significant shift in the market where there is an increase in non-CSDs, fruit drinks and bottled water. Consumption of CSDs maintained a steady incline from the 1970s and peaked in 2000 with 53. 0 to 46. 0 in 2009 and market share went down to 17. 0 from 20. 4 in 2000. Operations ran efficiently where its high speed production lines that was interchangeable only for productions of similar type and packages of similar size. However, with the spike in non-CSDs, production processes had to accommodate expensive modifications for the complicated alternative beverages caused. The finished goods required a smaller but specialized production process that were challenging for bottlers to make with their existing infrastructure. Bottlers became vulnerable as they were not fully participating in the new growth of the business and also being bypassed by Coke in the distribution of their non-CSDs. Also, mass merchandisers that used its size to exert pricing pressures on Coke who only wanted to negotiate marketing and shelving arrangements directly with concentrate makers which are a traditional practice of bottlers that benefited from distributing in exclusive territories. Bottlers incurred higher distribution and sales costs where cost of goods reached 90% of sales, the highest level in more than two decades. Supplier inputs and fierce competition which resulted in pricing discounts becoming the norm which had Coke struggling to maintain its market share. Consumers are now at the point of expecting sales and are less inclined to make purchases at a regular retail price which has keeps Coca-Cola’s margins. In addition, merchandisers who use its power to exert pricing pressure and substantial rebates for major accounts, such as reducing its per unit price to its franchisees to $1. 45 from $6. 20, 23% weighs heavily on Coca-Cola’s sales but it necessary to secure accounts away from its competitors. SWOT Analysis| Coca-Cola| Strengths| * Coke and Pepsi offered â€Å"direct store door† delivery, where sales people secured shelf space, stacking the products, trademark positioning and setting up point of purchase or end of aisles display. * Smaller national brands such as Shasta and Faygo distribute through food store warehouses where * The retailer is responsible for storage, transportation, merchandising and stocking shelves, thereby incurring additional cost * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Pressure to spend more on advertising, product and packaging proliferation, widespread discounting these factors resulted in higher capital requirements and lower profit margins * Retained deals with Burger King and McDonald’s (the largest national account in terms of sales) * In 2009, New Freestyle soda machine which could create dozens of different kinds of custom beverages (Restaurants had to pay a 30% premium for freestyle compared to regular fountains)| Weaknesses| * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Production difficulties with non-CSDs * Additional bottling expenses through specialized production processes * Strained relationship with bottlers| Opportunities| * Further international extensions * Product innovation * Bottler process improvement through its consolidation| Threats| * Early 2000s consumption of CSD declined * By 2009, the average American drank 46 gallons of CSDs per year, the lowest since ‘89 * Starting in the late 90s America still dr ank more CSDs, than any other beverage but consumption started to decline * **Health concerns – growing linkage between issues of obesity and nutrition * In 2005, Federal nutrition guidelines identified regular CSDs as the larger source of obesity –causing sugars in the American Diet * Schools throughout the nation banned the sales of soft drinks on their premises * Several states pushed for soda tax on sugary drinks * Government study suggested that a 20% tax could cut the calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49 calories a day per person in the US * Tax on sodas became the new measure * Consumers started to view high fructose corn syrup as unnatural and unhealthy * 53% of Americans were concerned that the ingredient posed a health hazard in 2010 compared to 40% in 2004 * ***Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor to its business * 80% of sales from international markets-serving over 200 countries * Limited pricing controls| Weighted SKF| | Coca-Cola| Pepsi| Strength Measure| I. M| S. R| Score| S. R| Score| Image/Reputation| . 15| 10| 1. 5| 9| 1. 35| Distribution Capacity| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Financial Resources| . 15| 8| 1. 2| 7| 1. 05| Price| . 15| 6| . 9| 6| . 9| Marketing/Advertising| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Acquisitions/Extensions| . 05| 10| . 5| 10| . 5| Sum of I. M| 1. 00| | Weighted Overall Strength| 54| 9. 1| 52| 8. 75| 1. Image/Reputation Coca-Cola – Market survey on brand loyalty indicate that more consumers preferred Coke over Pepsi as their favorite CSD brands in 2010. * Pepsi – Redesigned its logo in 2008 with a three year rebranding plan that could cost over $1 billion to rejuvenate its image. 2. Distribution Capacity * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have around 100 plants for nationwide distribution with the capacity to serve the entire US. 3. Financial Resources * Coca-Cola – Net Profits/Sales: 22% * Pepsi – Net Profits/Sales: 13. 8 % 4. Price * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both engage in severe price wars to retain customers as their purchasing behaviour indicates no brand loyalty where they seek cheaper alternatives in the economic downturn Mass merchandisers use its power to exert pricing pressures Substantial rebates for corporate accounts 5. Marketing/Advertising * Coca-Cola – Spent 5540 million in marketing support for its top bottlers Patented unique skirt design became an American Icon. Its marketing campaign, â€Å"Real Coca-Cola taste with zero calories† was the most successful product launch that produced double digit growth * Pepsi â€Å"Pepsi Generation† marketing campaign, which targeted the young and â€Å"young at heart. † The campaign helped Pepsi narrow Coke’s lead to a 2-to-1 margin 6. Acquisitions/Expansions * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have formed alliances to incorporate their core competencies and expand into foreign markets

The Brief History of Smartphones

The Brief History of Smartphones In 1926, during an interview for Collier magazine, legendary scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla described a piece of technology that would revolutionize the lives of its users. Here’s the quote: When wireless is perfectly applied, the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole. We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance. Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though we were face to face, despite intervening distances of thousands of miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do his will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket. While Tesla might not have chosen to call this instrument a smartphone, his foresight was spot on. These future phones  have, in essence, reprogrammed how we interact with and experience the world. But they didn’t appear overnight. There were many technologies that progressed, competed, converged, and evolved toward the fairly sophisticated pocket companions we have come to rely on. The Modern Smartphone So who invented the smartphone? First, lets make it clear that the smartphone didn’t start with Apple - though the company and its charismatic co-founder Steve Jobs deserve much credit for perfecting a model that has made the technology just about indispensable among the masses. In fact, there were phones capable of transmitting data, as well as featured applications such as email, in use prior to the arrival of early popular devices, such as the Blackberry. Since then, the definition of the smartphone has essentially become arbitrary. For example, is a phone still smart if it doesn’t have a touchscreen? At one time, the Sidekick, a popular phone from carrier T-Mobile, was considered cutting edge. It had a swiveling full-qwerty keyboard that allowed for rapid-fire text messaging, LCD screen, and stereo speakers. In modern times, few people would find a phone remotely acceptable that cannot run third-party apps. The lack of consensus is muddied even further by the concept of a â€Å"feature phone,† which shares some of the smartphones abilities. But is it smart enough? A solid textbook definition comes from the Oxford dictionary, which describes a smartphone as â€Å"a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps.† So for the purpose of being as comprehensive as possible, let’s begin with the very minimal threshold of what constitutes â€Å"smart† features: computing. Who Invented Smartphones? The first device that technically qualifies as a smartphone was simply a highly-sophisticated (for its time) brick phone. You know one of those bulky, but fairly exclusive status-symbol toys flashed in 80s movies like Wall Street? The IBM Simon Personal Communicator, released in 1994, was a sleeker, more advanced, and premium brick that sold for $1,100. Sure, a lot of smartphones today cost about as much, but remember that $1,100 in the 1990s was nothing to sneeze at. IBM had conceived of the idea for a computer-style phone  as early as the 70s, but it wasn’t until 1992 that the company unveiled a prototype at the COMDEX computer and technology trade show in Las Vegas. Besides placing and receiving calls, the Simon prototype could also send facsimiles, emails, and cellular pages. It even had a nifty touchscreen for dialing numbers. Extra features included apps for a calendar, address book, calculator, scheduler, and notepad. IBM also demonstrated that the phone was capable of displaying maps, stocks, news, and other third-party applications, with certain modifications. Tragically,  the Simon ended up in the heap pile of being too ahead of its time. Despite all the snazzy features, it was cost-prohibitive for most and was only useful for a very niche clientele. The distributor, BellSouth Cellular, would later reduce the price of the phone to $599 with a two-year contract. And even then, the company only sold about 50,000 units. The company took the product off the market after six months. The Early Awkward Marriage of PDAs and Cell Phones The initial failure to introduce what was a fairly novel notion of phones having a multiplicity of capabilities didn’t necessarily mean that consumers weren’t keen on incorporating smart devices into their lives. In a way, smart technology was all the rage during the late 90s, as evidenced by the widespread adoption of stand-alone smart gadgets known as Personal Digital Assistants. Before hardware makers and developers figured out ways to successfully merge PDAs with cellular phones, most people simply made due by carrying two devices. The leading name in the business at the time was Sunnyvale-based electronics firm Palm, who jumped to the fore with products such as the Palm Pilot. Throughout the generations of the product line, various models offered a multitude of pre-installed apps, PDA to computer connectivity, email, messaging, and an interactive stylus. Other competitors at the time included Handspring and Apple with the Apple Newton. Things started to come together right before the turn of the new millennium, as device makers began little by little incorporating smart features into cell phones. The first notable effort in this vein was the Nokia 9000 communicator, which the manufacturer introduced in 1996. It came in a clamshell design that was fairly large and bulky but allowed for a qwerty keyboard, along with navigation buttons. This was so that the makers could cram in some of the more sellable smart features, such as faxing, web browsing, email, and word processing. But it was the Ericsson R380, which debuted in 2000, that became the first product to be officially billed and marketed as a smartphone. Unlike the Nokia 9000, it was small and light like most typical cell phones. Remarkably, the phones keypad could be flipped outward to reveal a 3.5-inch black and white touchscreen from which users could access a litany of apps. The phone also allowed for internet access, though no web browser was available and users weren’t able to install third-party apps. The convergence continued as competitors from the PDA side moved into the fray, with Palm introducing the Kyocera 6035 in 2001 and Handspring putting out its own offering, the Treo 180, the following year. The Kyocera 6035 was significant for being the first smartphone to be paired with a major wireless data plan through Verizon, while the Treo 180 provided services via a GSM line and operating system that seamlessly integrated telephone, internet, and text messaging service.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smartphone Mania Spreads From East to West Meanwhile, as consumers and the tech industry in the west were still tinkering with what many referred to as PDA/cell phone hybrids, an impressive smartphone ecosystem was coming into its own across the way in Japan. In 1999, local upstart telecom NTT DoCoMo launched a series of handsets linked to a high-speed internet network called i-mode. Compared to Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), the network used in the United States for data transfers for mobile devices, Japan’s wireless system allowed for a wider range of internet services such as e-mail, sports results, weather forecasts, games, financial services, and ticket booking - all carried out at faster speeds. Some of these advantages are attributed to the use of â€Å"compact HTML† or â€Å"cHTML,† a modified form of HTML that enables full rendering of web pages. Within two years, the NTT DoCoMo network had an estimated 40 million subscribers. But outside of Japan, the notion of treating your phone as some sort of digital Swiss army knife hadn’t quite taken hold. The major players at the time were Palm, Microsoft, and Research in Motion, a lesser-known Canadian firm. Each had their respective operating systems. You might think that the two more established names in the tech industry would have an advantage in this respect. Yet, there was something more than mildly addictive about RIM’s Blackberry devices that had some users calling their trusty devices Crackberries. RIM’s reputation was built on a product line of two-way pagers that, over time, evolved into full-fledged smartphones. Critical to the company’s success early on was its efforts to position the Blackberry, first and foremost, as a platform for business and enterprise to deliver and receive push email through a secure server. It was this unorthodox approach that fueled its popularity among the more mainstream consumers.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apple’s iPhone In 2007, at a heavily-hyped press event in San Francisco, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs stood on stage and unveiled a revolutionary product that not only broke the mold but also set an entirely new paradigm for computer-based phones. The look, interface and core functionality of nearly every smartphone to come along since is, in some form or another, derived from the original iPhone’s innovative touchscreen-centric design. Among some of the groundbreaking features was an expansive and responsive display from which to check email, stream video, play audio, and browse the internet with a mobile browser that loaded full websites, much like what’s experienced on personal computers. Apple’s unique iOS operating system allowed for a wide range of intuitive gesture-based commands and eventually, a rapidly-growing warehouse of downloadable third-party applications.  Ã‚   Most importantly, the iPhone reoriented people’s relationship with smartphones. Up to then, they were generally geared toward businesspeople and enthusiasts who saw them as an invaluable tool for staying organized, corresponding over email, and boosting their productivity. Apple’s version took it to a whole other level as a full-blown multimedia powerhouse, enabling users to play games, watch movies, chat, share content, and stay connected to all the possibilities that we’re all still constantly rediscovering. Sources Chong, Celena. The inventor that inspired Elon Musk and Larry Page predicted smartphones nearly 100 years ago. Business Insider, July 6, 2015. Smartphone. Lexico, 2019.

Action since Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Action since - Essay Example His involvement reflected his keen interest in the company and with his work. He also wanted a safe working environment for his co-workers which show his interest in safeguarding the security rights for his employee workers. Soon, he realized that the safety plan occurs only on papers as he never saw the plan being implemented in a thorough manner. This made Gordon realized that he is just a low level employee. It has been evidently clear that the company is a growth-oriented company which has proven its image as a productive and as a most profitable one. For the company, other issues were not as important as they should be until they start hindering the profits or the provoked legal consequences. There was no authentic and working employee security memo which showed the lack of interest from company’s behalf for its employees. Gil, the VP of engineering has also played a key role in this case study. He can be referred as a dictatorial manager. He is very committed towards fulfilling his goals. Gil was known for his compassion, dedication and utmost involvement with his work. He is also known for reducing the 40 percent of the employees from the company’s new plant established in Arizona. He knows no emotions and feelings while working; in fact, he prefers the work in first place. The key differences in the personalities of Gil and Gordon and the organizational setup of the c ompany were the root-cause of the problem that emerged on the surface. The difference of organizational culture that Gordon felt between his new company and the Pacific Bell. The company did not provide any assistance to the employees for their personal development. Gordon also had differences with the key senior management personnel such as Gil. The dictatorial management style of Gil. His behavior and management style was one of the problems that stirred tension in the company and de-motivated his employees. To deal with the

Relationship with Boss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Relationship with Boss - Essay Example The traditional concept was top-down approach and there was no question of managing the relationship with the boss. However, in the modern context, the concept has changed and the both-way approach has begun to prevail within the various organizations. In present times, the subordinates are required to develop certain traits through which their relationship with the boss can be managed effectively. According to Geisler (2011), knowledge about the working habits of the boss is essential for the subordinates in order to manage the relationship. It has also been observed that the subordinates should communicate with the boss in the way which is liked by the latter. The values of the boss are required to be recognized by the subordinate and he or she should try to align the boss’s values with his or her own. The structure of this paper will be focused upon the various approaches mentioned by the writers of the two articles. In this section of the research paper, the understanding of the subordinate or the manager of the retail chain (about herself) will be discussed. The manager should be specific about the fact that in her relationship with the boss, she is holding one part, the other part being the boss. Hence, for making the relationship effective, the manager should understand her own necessities along with strengths and weaknesses and personal style. Although it is not possible to change the nature of any person and so do the boss and the subordinate, the manager should strive for recognizing her personal traits that are hindering the growth of an effective relationship with the boss. The manager should then try out ways through which her discrepancies can be eradicated and the relationship can be made worthy.

Term Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Term - Research Paper Example The country, according to the annual report released by the Department of Health, shows that while there is progress in fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there is still a long way to go in terms of the overall improvement of health services. The country still faces serious challenges for pregnant women, maternal mortality, poverty-related diseases and gender-based violence (2006). South Africa attracts a lot of attention from medical researchers due to the unbalanced health care among its citizens. In addition, the issue of racial apartheid was a problem prior to 1994 and this had a profound impact on the dissemination of health services among its citizens. Therefore, South Africa’s history of apartheid, unbalanced health care/ HIV-AIDS epidemic makes it an ideal place to examine. Location Geographically, the country is located on the Southern tip of the African continent. The Atlantic Ocean borders it on the west while the Indian Ocean borders it on both the South and East. Nam ibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe lie on its Northern border while Mozambique and Swaziland are located on its Northeast borders. South Africa uniquely encloses an independent kingdom called Lesotho (Inter Knowledge Corp, 2010). Population The country is about 472,000 square miles wide (equivalent to 1.2 million sq. km.) and lies beneath the Tropic of Capricorn. It is comprised of three geographical primary regions: an extensive central plateau – and a nearly unceasing cliff of mountain ranges that circle the plateau from the Western, Eastern and Southern side, with a strip of land along the coast (Inter Knowledge Corp, 2010). According to WHO statistics, South Africa has a population of approximately 50,133,000 with a gross national income per capita (PPP international $) of 10,360. In the year 2009, the life expectancy at birth m/f (years) was 54/55 but the probability of dying under five (per 1,000 live births) is currently unavailable. The total expenditure on health per capit a is approximated at 935 with a total expenditure on health % of GDP (2010) estimated at 8.9 (WHO, 2012). Government In pre-apartheid times, the South African government had a highly bureaucratic health care system. The administration of health care was divided into 14 separate departments, which were responsible for looking after the health of the different racial groups, the homelands, and six self-governing territories. The health care services were divided into preventive and curative among government departments, the provinces and the local authorities. The expenditure on tertiary health services was prioritized above primary health care services. This led to the development of a private health sector that is unregulated by the government. In addition, a lack of commitment by the government in terms of training, staffing and ways to eradicate poverty have contributed to the country’s high infant mortality, maternal mortality, life expectancy at birth and incidences of in fectious diseases (such as tuberculosis and measles) among many citizens, especially black people (Department of health, 2010). However, in 1994, South Africa was among the few African countries that had started transforming the health care system. Legislature passed bills that ensured equal distribution of resources, restructuring