Fate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet

"Two households, both alike in dignity, / In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, / From ancient grudge brakes to new mutiny, / Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. / From forth the fatal lions of these foes / A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life; / Whose misadventured piteous overthrows / Doth with their death bury their parent’s strife. / The fearful passage of their death-marked love, / And the continuance of their parent’s rage, / Which, but their children’s end, naught could remove†¦" -The Prologue, Romeo and Juliet (by William Shakespeare). Fate plays a major role in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. The prologue describes Romeo’s and Juliet’s fate, which we see come up many times later on in the play. Throughout the play, Romeo and Juliet unwittingly realize they cannot exist in such reality and that a tragic fate awaits them. The two families, the Montagues and the Capulets continue being rivals all the way to the end of the play until the inevitable event takes its place. In the play, there are many pieces of evidence that further present the prologue’s sad foretold reality. Even as early as the first scene of the play, we already see some evidence to back up the prologue. "[Romeo]†¦And makes himself and artificial night." (I, i, 38) This passage can be seen as the foreshadowing of Romeo’s suicide. Another line said by Montague, which is "Unless good council may the cause remove" (I, i, 140), also is evidence of Romeo’s tragedy. In the first act, Romeo is introduced. His great sadness is shown right away and the theme of love is seen as well. Through Romeo’s mellow mood we see how desperate he is for love. Romeo is in love with Juliet, which is the daughter of an enemy to the house of Montagues. Fate is definitely involved here, and this innocent love is the first step in a chain of events that lead to the fate driven tragedy. In the same scene, Tybalt is infuriated with Romeo. He is ready to kill h im and believes that Romeo is his sworn enemy. Tybalt. This, by his voice, should be a Montague Fetch me my rapier, boy. What, dares the slave Come hither, covered with an antic face, To fleer and scorn at our solemnity? Now, by the stock and honor of my kin, To strike him dead I hold not a sin.

Enterprise rent a car

Enterprise Rent-A-Car has defined its service much differently than that of the typical national car rental companies. Their idea and technique of personal service, by treating the customers like neighbors more so than clients is what makes this company so unique and successful. They are industry leaders in fleet size and market presence. The company's president, Andy Taylor, stated in his motto â€Å"if you put the customers first they will be satisfied and come back, followed by employees who are well informed and part of a team atmosphere.If you put the customers and employees first the bottom line will happen†. The company's service concept focuses on three key benefits for the customer. The first benefit is their enormous form of convenience due to nearby locations. Second, the luxury of being picked up and dropped off at one's own home, office, or repair shop – free of charge. Third, are their outstanding rates that cannot be beat, as well as their exceptional sel ection of vehicles. 2. Enterprise Rent-A-Car possesses several advantageous features that give hem a leg up on the competition.Since the beginning, their market focus has been on the replacement segment. This includes customers who need a car because of an accident, routine maintenance, or theft. In addition is the discretionary segment, which includes people who use their services for short business, leisure, and other special occasion trips. The company's â€Å"pick up and drop off' feature is what sets them above their competition. Enterprise Rent-A-Car has offices located within 15 minutes of 90% of the U. S. opulation – a highlight of their extreme focus on convenience.Although Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers a lot of the same choice in car selection as other companies, their main objective is to keep the customer entirely satisfied. As it was from the start according to Andy Taylor, their loyalty to customers is the key reason why so much of the Enterprise's energy goes i nto recruiting, hiring, and training a well-informed and helpful staff of personnel. 3. The service profit chain model can be used to emphasize the success of Enterprise Rent-A-Car as a whole.The first part of the model is the internal service quality, which describes the environment in which employee's work, the selection and development, rewards and recognition, access to information to serve the customers' needs, and Job design. This goes back to Taylor's idea of keeping a happy, well-informed staff that will provide the best service possible. The employee's loyalty to the company will shine through in their service and output quality by tending to the customers' needs in an efficient and effective manner.The result is satisfied customers and an overall increase in profitability for the company. Enterprise Rent-A-Car's technique in hiring practices targets the young college student; one who generally has been a part of an organization such as a sporting team or fraternitysorority . This is primarily because of hisher ability to be a â€Å"people person†: someone able to speak well to service managers in addition to calm down a customer who has Just been in an accident. A strong devoted group of employees is what makes up the internal service of the ompany.According to the service profit chain model, this subsequently leads to the service value, which drives customer satisfaction. Customer value is measured by comparing results received to the total costs incurred in obtaining the service. The all time high – increasing their service value and lowering their costs. The staff of Enterprise Rent-A-Car exudes hospitality, which is necessary when performing a service and expecting satisfied customers. Despite their highly personalized service,Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers rates that are often 30% lower than those of its competitors. The service concept and the company's ever growing success is causation of their customer loyalty. Their service to mee t the targeted customers' needs is what results in lifetime value, retention, and referrals. As of today, the company has over 12 million vehicles and annual revenue of $14. 1 billion. This fact in itself displays how the service profit chain model has worked for this company throughout their many years in existence.

Balanced Scorecard

As mentioned in the introduction above, different business types bring a significant different treatment of strategic business control and evaluation. Consider for example, a firm that produce sheets of paper. The production processes are well defined and relatively stable, functional skills are specialized to gain operating efficiencies. There are relatively no strict challenge from the same competitor, because the market share are divided equally, as long as they keep the productions quality and maintain the cheapest cost of production.Regardless of whether the environment is stable or dynamic, an organization needs to exercise control over its operations so that its objectives are achieved as preliminary business planning. Firm that operate in a stable environment with standardized products and processes and low competitive pressures will employ the less complex functional business strategic. While the more complex firm with the dynamic competitor pressure should be consider to em ploy the more complex strategic control system (Shaw, 2004).Concerning the development of strategic control over a corporation, this paper will discuss about the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for a company named ‘Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care’. Furthermore, it also develops at least three strategic objectives for each of the four Balanced Scorecard areas (Financial, Customer, Process, and Learning & Growth). 2. Balanced Score Card of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care 2. 1. Balanced Score Card The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is one of the most influential business ideas in the 20th century.It was noted that over one-half of the fortune 1,000 uses the BSC system (Niven, 2006). Some people consider it as a form of project management, a form of measurement or controlled improvement system. Despite the awesome popularity of the concept, we witnessed the practice of the BSC concept surprisingly concentrates on the private sectors. Robert Kaplan and David Norton first introduced the Balanced Scorec ard in the early 1990’s as a strategic management system that forces managers to focus on the important performance metrics that lead to success.There are four perspectives of BSC as following: 1. Financial perspective This is the standard perspective that everyone uses even before the BSC. Even a non-profit organization uses this perspective in order to balance their books. It measures financial performances through financial ratios and other financial indicators. In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the financial perspective includes strategic objectives in following areas: ? Market share ? Revenues and costs ? Profitability? Competitive position 2. Customer Perspective It is a measure of corporate value viewed from the value it delivers to customers. For instance, time taken to process a phone call, result of customers’ surveys, number of complaints, competitive rankings, etc. In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the Customer Value Perspective includes strat egic objectives in following areas: ? Customer retention or turnover ? Customer satisfaction ? Customer value 3. Business Process PerspectiveIt measures corporate value from the enhancement of its business processes, like time spent prospecting, quality cost, product rework required, etc. In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, Process or Internal Operations Perspective includes strategic objectives in following areas: ? Measure of process performance ? Productivity or productivity improvement ? Operations metrics 4. Learning and Growth Perspective This perspective measures corporate value from its learning abilities or the progress of its learning processes.Example of activities measures are staff training, employee suggestion and improvement of certain processes as an outcome of the learning process (‘Balanced Scorecard’, 2006). In the case of Puppy Luv Doggy Day Care, the Learning and Growth (Employee) Perspective includes strategic objectives in following areas: ? Employee satisfaction ? Employee turnover or retention ? Level of organization capability ? Nature of organization culture or climate ? Technological innovation These perspectives are then adaptable to various businesses by choosing different drivers for each perspective.The BSC can also detect and measure correlation between activities, in order to help decide which activities positively impacted others. For instance an online customer service can help reducing telephone calls and time to handle complaints, thus increasing effectiveness of business processes. According to Kaplan and Norton, there are various utilities of the Balance Scorecard. Some of them are: to clarify and update strategy, communicate strategy, align unit goals with corporate strategy, link strategic objectives to long term target, etc (‘Balanced Scorecard’, 2006). Balanced Scorecard The balance scorecard is a management tool that is used by the management of companies to enable them in planning on how to align the business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization so as to improve the internal and external processes of the company. Communication is used to monitor the organization performance against the strategic goals that have been set by the management of the organization.The balance scorecard was first developed by Dr Robert Kaplan and David Norton who discovered that the tool would be used to measure the performance of the employees of the company so that they would improve on their performance it was used by the management of companies so as to clarify the vision and the strategies and then to translate them into action. According to some economist they noted that an organization was viewed into four perspectives as per the balanced scorecard. The Learning and growth perspectiveThis perspective that deals with how the employees can be trai ned in order for them to gain the knowledge and skills that can enable them carry out their activities effectively. It also deals with the corporate cultural attitudes that relate to both the individual and corporate self-improvement so that the attitude for each the individuals and the corporations would change so that they would perform their activities according to the needs of the organization and not for their own interests.There had been increased technological changes that have resulted to the management of the organization to train their employees so that they can adapt to those technological, economic and social-economic changes. The business process perspective The perspective deals with the internal business processes.The metric allows the managers of an organization to learn how well their businesses are run and whether the products and services of the company can conform to the customer tastes and preferences There are two kinds of processes that are used when determini ng the goals of a company these are mission oriented processes and the support processes. The mission-oriented processes are used in measurement of the employee’s performances so as to ward them according to their skills and responsibilities.The processes are usually used in the government offices. The customer perspective The recent research showed that customers contributed to the success of the company and therefore it is important to satisfy their needs because incase they do not get satisfied with the services of their suppliers or traders they can look for alternative suppliers who could meet their needs and this can pose to be a big challenge to the marketing department as the volume of sales of the company can be affected negatively.The management should learn how to satisfy their customers needs by identifying the different types of customers and their different tastes and preferences so that the right kind of products and services are produced for them so as to main tain the customers and also to increase the earnings of the company by providing the right of goods and services that are acceptable to the customers. The financial perspective It is important for the management of organization to provide timely and accurate records of data so that they can give the true financial position of a company.The implementation of corporate databases it can enhance proper centralization and automation of information that can enhance proper recording of the transactions into the financial statements so that proper analysis of the company can be made. The Tri-cities community Bank was a company that was located in the Midwest United States; it had ten branches that were grouped into divisions that is the southern Division (SD) and Northern Division (ND). The divisions consisted of five branches that were headed by a Branch President and a Branch Chief Loan Officer.The other staffs that managed the operations of the company were the customer service represent atives, loan representatives, mortgage loan originators, head tellers and the administrative assistants. Mrs. Chris Billing was the Southern Division (SD) president from a Marketing Director because she could improve the performance of the company since she had acquired the necessary skills from college about how to improve the performance of the company.In the year 2000 she implemented the balanced scorecard into the organization although there were protests from the Northern Division (ND) presidents who saw the implementation of the strategy as impossibility since they had not had about the strategy before and was not ready for change. Branch A According to the Customer Service Representative of Tri Cites Community Bank Mrs.Mary Richards, she stated that the implementation of the balanced scorecards would create greater loan volume for the loan balances, deposits and the certificates of deposit and this would lead to lower profit margin, but it would be beneficial to the companyâ €™s growth. According to Mike Moore she stated the measures of the balanced scorecard were realistic, but the implementation of the measures was difficult because it was the first time for the employees to use them thus getting to learn the measures would mean creation of more time to train all the staff about the implementation of the performance measures.According to Paul Franks he stated that since the employees carried out their activities while using the measures then they would earn more cash bonuses, which improve the company’s performance and also the living standards of the employees of the company if they used the measures since proved good returns to the company once they utilized them appropriately. Branch B Mrs.Pamela Wise the loan representative of branch B said that the measures would be used to measure the progress of the company while in the process of trying to achieve its goals and objectives as this would lead to meeting the needs of the community and also to increase the profitability of the company. The measures would be used in determining the right kinds of promotions and pay rises for the employees, they would also be used to assign the employees according to their skills and knowledge so as to ensure the duties and responsibilities of the company were carried out effectively.Branch C Mr. Bill Sovensen stated that the balanced scorecard measures would promote teamwork among the tellers, loan officer and the customer service representatives such that they would enable them to discuss the goals of the organization and also be in a position to understand the activities of the bank so as to promote effective implementation of the company’s goals and objectives. The scorecard measures would enable the management of the company to achieve goals such as selling, cross-selling, and the goal of making customers to feel comfortable with the services of the bank.The Administrative Assistant Mr. Luo Martin said the balanced score card measures would lead to the successful implementation of the goals and objectives of a company. The success of the company would led to the management to organization of recreational places that would be used to appreciate the efforts of the employees so as to motivate them to work harder in their duties and responsibilities and also to avoid employee turnover as it could affect the reputation and performance of the company. Branch B According to Mr.Gray Smith he stated that the balanced scorecards were important but it was important for the management of the company to choose measures that were relevant to the management’s growth. Mr. Al Taylor stated that the measures would lead to achievement of the company’s goals. Branch E The balanced scorecard would be used to compare the performance of the company with other companies so that the company could keep track of the company’s performance so that the right measures could be put in place in order to enable the company to compete effectively with its competitorIt was noted that in order for the organization to improve in its performance it had to the implement the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard into its organization these were financial measures, customer measure, internal business measures and the retention measures and the learning and the growth perspective. The management of the company Northern Division should have implemented the balanced scorecard into the company in order for it to achieve its goals and objectives.The benefits of the perspectives were that if one perspective was good then other would also improve, for example if the internal perspective improved then the internal processes would also improve. If the customers were satisfied with the services that they needed then they would continue to purchase the company’s products and also use their services and this would boost the performance of the company .The sales volume of the company would improve if the company’s financial status improved then the management of the company would be in a position to achieve its strategies successfully, if the company’s strategy would be good then this would be translated to increased returns for the company and the application of the financial measures would be done in an effective and efficient manner.It was reported that if the employees were trained about sales effectiveness, customer service, product profitability and local bank knowledge, they would be in a better position to serve their customers since the knowledge and skills acquired would enable them to gain relevant experience of how to improve the performance of the company. The management of the bank also noted that the training programs given to the employees such as the in house tests on various training topics, higher-quality referrals and cross-self proposals they would equip the employees with right techniques to handle the company’s activities.The imple mentation of the programs would lead to higher customer satisfaction and it would also lead to the management of the company to learn more techniques of retaining their customers so as to achieve high sales volume of the company’s products and services. References Burgelman R A. and. Grove. A. S. (1996) â€Å"Strategic Dissonance . California. California Management Review, Vol. 38, No. 2. pp. 8-28. Kaplan, R. S. and Norton. D. P. (1996) Using the Balanced Scorecard as a StrategicManagement System. Harvard Business Review 74, no. 1 75+. (May be accessed at http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu/frames/groups/hbr/janfeb96/96107. html). Liedtka J. M. and Rosenblum J. W. (1996) Shaping Conversations: Making Strategy, Making Change. California. California Management Review, Vol. 39, No. 1. , pp. 141-157. Marsh, P. and et all. (1988). Managing Strategic Investment Decisions in Large Diversified Companies London. London Business School.

Health Care Museum Essay

Development Description Analysis (How does the development affect the current U.S. health care system?) 1. Surgery A surgical procedure is medical treatment that involves a physician cutting into a patient’s body to repair or remove something. Surgery procedures have existed since prehistoric man. In 1540 C.E. barbers and surgeons united to form The United Barber-Surgeons Company. These barber-surgeons performed tooth extractions and bloodletting procedures. As our knowledge grows, so do our abilities. Some procedures such as tracheostomy, described in detail by Paul of Aegina (625-690 AD), remain pertinent today while others which contributed to the demise of many patients (e.g. bloodletting) were surprisingly slow to disappear (Hindle, K. S., & Hindle, S. J., 2001). Surgeries save many lives. Today surgeries are used for replacements and transplants. Elective non-life threatening surgeries are performed quite commonly now. Microsurgery uses small incisions to minimize exposure and reduce the impact of the procedure all together. There is also cosmetic surgery which is usually elective an d not medically necessary. With today’s surgical practices the body can be manipulated in many ways with minimal effect. 2. Technology Technology is the creation and usage of tools for achieving goals. In health care, technology is used for information purposes, to teach, and heal. We have computers that keep track of medical records. We have machines that can see through the human body. There are sensors that can collect data from a patient and transmit it wirelessly to a physician. There are even machines that aid physicians during surgery. Technology completely affects health care. It has allowed patients and doctors to stay connected better than ever. Telecommunications provide health care workers with the ability to  communicate with each other all around the world. Technology has allowed for easier storage and access to medical information. Health care workers can locate a patient’s information with the click of a button. Patients can go online and access a plethora of health information. Technology also enables us to view the body in new ways (CAT scan, x-rays). Robotics allow physicians to perform s urgeries in places where they cannot be via remote link. 3. Child Birth Beginning back in the Renaissance era barber-surgeons provide child birth services. Much later in 1716 midwives were given the ability to obtain licenses and help women through labor. Shortly after the war of 1812 medical schools began teaching birthing techniques to physicians. By the 1900’s physicians attended approximately half of the nation’s births. Child birthing at hospitals performed by physicians are much safer than the â€Å"home births† of yester years. With hospitals the patient’s area is always clean and sterile. This reduces risk for the mother and child. With physicians as the primary deliverer, complications can be handled sooner and adequately. These techniques have allowed the safe birthing of millions. This protects are future generations by keeping them safe. 4. Vaccines As the United States grew toward independence in the 1700’s, public health efforts also grew. In 1796 Dr. Edward Jenner created and tested the first vaccine (Henderson, D. A., 1997). After word of the discovery two London doctors confirmed Jenner’s findings and began wide distribution. Within 3 years the information was translated into 4 different languages and spread across 4 continents. The success of vaccines has led to a situation where many health care providers and parents have not witnessed the morbidity and mortality of the diseases for which these agents are indicated (Ruddock, B., & Malak, K., 2005). Vaccines offer protection from numerous disease. Without vaccines illness would be far more rampant. 5. Medicare In 1965 President Johnson signed into law the Medicare program. Medicare provides medical access for citizens 65 and older who cannot afford care themselves. Over time the coverage has expanded to include disabled citizens  and those with end stage renal disease. Medicare gives medical access to many people who would not have it otherwise. Medicare is the government’s first program associated with public health insurance. Since then the U.S. has seen Medicaid and now recently the Affordable Care Act. Essentially, these are government programs designed to ensure care for citizens. These programs expand health care. As more people are able to have health coverage, more health care services become needed. While these programs provide protection they also stimulate growth within the medical field. Part 2 How does everything connect? Write up a comprehensive overview of how these events evolved into each other. First on my list is surgery. While child birth has been around since the dawn of man, modern birthing practices did not come into effect until the 1800’s. Surgical procedures on the other hand, have been dated back to 6500 hundred years before common era (BCE). Skulls found in France show signs of a rudimentary surgery called trepanation, which involves drilling a hole in the skull. (Heisler. J., 2014). Surgery has been a major health tool for a very long time and we are still improving upon it today. Technology comes second on the list because ever since man realized he could manipulate the body, tools have been needed to do so. Even the skulls in France required some sort of tool to drill the hole. Of course technology goes beyond simple tools. Technology encompasses numerous devices each with their own unique quality. Technology expands our capabilities and allows us to do things we simply could not do ourselves. Technology also improves child birthing techniques. Thanks to sonograms physicians can see babies inside of the womb. This gives them great insight into the condition and development of the child in the womb. Before technology such as this, parents had to wait till the day of birth before they knew anything about the child. Next on the list are vaccines. While child birth did not directly influence the invention of vaccines, technology in fact did. Without the tools to collect and hold specimens, Jenner would never have been able to conduct his research. Additionally, vaccines have improved the health status of everyone  including children. Thanks to vaccines, children (and ultimately the population) no longer have to worry about Polio and other various viruses. Most required vaccines are given to children during their developing years. This protect the child through their entire life. Last of the developments is Medicare. Vaccines didn’t directly lead to Medicare, however all other developments did. With surgical procedures, technology, vaccines, and better child birthing practices, more people are able to live longer lives. As the population’s life expectancy increases, so does the need for care in all facets of life. Programs like Medicare protect the elderly by providing health care for those who could not afford it on their own. Essentially, social policies eventually become important for societies that can provide health care. Medicare, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act are necessary social devices that protect U.S. citizens. References Austin, A., & Wetle, V. (2012). The United States health care system: Combining business, health, and delivery. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Lemelson-MIT. (2003, April). Louis Pasteur. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/pasteur.html Henderson, D. A. (1997). Edward Jenner’s vaccine. Public Health Reports, 112(2), 116-21. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230183418?accountid=458 Ruddock, B., & Malak, K. (2005). Sorting out risks, benefits of vaccine. Canadian Pharmacists Journal, 138(5), 59-60. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/221177193?accountid=458 Hindle, K. S., & Hindle, S. J. (2001). A history of surgery. Royal Society of Medicine (Great Britain).Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94(8), 423. Retrieved from http://search.pr Heisler. J. (2014). The Evolution of Surgery. Retrieved from http://surgery.about.com/od/surgeryinthemedia/a/HistoryOfSurgeryTimeline.htm

Mahatma Ghandi

Year 11 Community and Family Studies Individuals and Groups – Leadership Term 2 Assessment MAHATMA GHANDI . Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, known as Mahatma , or ‘Great Soul’ was a successful leader who managed to cause major political change in countries that experienced an abundance of racial discrimination and cultural inferiority . The two most signi? cantly effected countries that experienced direct positive empowerment because of Mahatma Ghandi were South Africa and India. Reason for Ghandi’s immense success with each goal he set was his strong self belief, resilience, persistence and determination.Apart from these characteristics allowing Ghandi to achieve his goals, they made him an exceptional example of an effective leader. In South Africa Mahatma Ghandi fought for Indian civil rights, his success resulted in the reformation of the anti- Indian Legislation, by South African Of? cials. Throughout the history of South Africa racial discrimination was al ways prevalent among society. Native Africans, Indians and Asians were constantly subject to racial injustices, particularly from the 1800’s to 1959.Examples of this are evident throughout the legislations and laws that were directed at Indians; Indians; -Could only freely migrate to South Africa as indentured Labourers (labourers on contract) – They had none of the rights of full citizenship – Were not allowed to own property or land – Were only granted temporary residence -Forced to pay of sum of ? 3 if they were ex-indentured Indians that failed to reindenture or chose to return to India after their labour contracts were completed . Had to live in government allocated areas for ‘sanitation’ purposes – Were the only race that had to complete a educational, health, age and means test in order to gain admission into the country with the exclusion of Indian indentured labourers. (this purpose of this test was to stop further immigration of ‘free Indians’ (Indians that came to South Africa not indentured) ). -Were prohibited from marrying the ‘Whites’ (People of European descent e. g. Dutch, German, French ) These government policies were discriminatory against the Indian race and resulted n them (Indians) being assumed as an inferior race in society which further resulted in the excessive mistreatment of Indians. Being exposed to these racial inequalities, and having been of Indian race Mahatma Ghandi was well aware of these racial inequalities as he stated â€Å"I discovered that as a man and as an Indian I had no rights†. He recognised that change needed to occur in order for the Indian race in South Africa to be equalised within society. This recognition then lead Ghandi proposing an action plan of ‘passive resistance’ which he was leader of.The result of his passive resistance which was taken up by hundreds of other supporting Indians in South Africa was the . refo rmation of the anti- Indian Legislation ( mentioned previously). This meant that the Indian Relief Act was passed, consequently improving Indian civil rights. The act; – Abolished the ? 3 poll tax -Recognised marriages contracted in terms of traditional Hindu and Muslim rites – Indian children of parents living in South Africa are allowed to immigrate Although these modi? ed policies of legislation did improve Indian Civil Rights, there were still major parts which remained law that were racially unjust.For example; Indians were still prohibited from owning property in Transvall and Orange Free State. -Indians were not allowed to reside in Orange Free State. – Restrictions still existed on Indian trades. In 1869 India was part of the British Empire, which meant that Britain ran the government, made laws and took advantage of India’s natural riches in particularly salt, in order to make pro? t. The fact that the British Empire ruled India, basically meant that the Indian’s own country had to a degree been taken from them; they were living in a country that was not theirs. After ? hting in the British Army in Europe during First World War (1914-18) Indians, felt that in return they deserved to be granted Independence. Believing this Ghandi resolved to ? ght for Indian Independence or what he referred to as ‘Swaraj’ . Ghandi’s method of ‘? ghting’ was inspired by his belief of Satyagraha, meaning truth force. He stated â€Å" Satyagraha has been designed as an effective substitute for violence† . In order to achieve this vision Ghandi employed his method of civil disobedience. ?He urged Indians to resist British rule by going on strike. ?He went on hunger strikes ?He made protest speeches ? Encouraged Indians not to wear clothes or pay British taxes – this was the beginning of Ghandi’s Cloth Campaign; he ordered the public to burn their British clothing and instead spin their own thread and make their own clothes. ?Encouraged Indians not to buy British goods, go on strike from their jobs and attend rallies to hear him speak. ?The most signi? cant event that Ghandi lead to achieve Indian Independence in India was the ‘Salt March’ ; during this event Ghandi lead hundreds of his followers to Dandi Beach were he picked up the ? st handful of salt. This symbolised that Indians would no longer bow to British laws. This occurrence was so important because it showed rebellion to British law. During this time (1930’s) it was made law that Indians could not collect their own salt, they had to purchase heavily taxed salt from the British. However after Ghandi’s action, Indians started collecting their own salt. . Mahatma’s main goal was to achieve Indian independence, however he fought for better working conditions for poor weavers and went on a fast until he won them a wage increase.He also set up a ashram which was communal farm , on this farm Ghandi accepted a group of social outcasts, labelled the ‘untouchables’ . The untouchables were seen as the lowest rank in society’s hierarchal structure and therefore they were outcasted and not associated with. By Ghandi’s encouragement and acceptance of the untouchables into the communal farm despite the protests of his followers he showed his belief that all people were equal. Mahatma Ghandi’s approach to protest became popular within society and rapidly he accumulated hundreds of followers, ? hting united with the same intention which was further reason why Ghandi achieved Indian Independence. â€Å"Mass civil disobedience is like an earthquake†, said Ghandi. This same principal which Ghandi proposed and then employed into every protest project he was involved in, is reason why he was such a successful leader. Despite Mahatma Ghandi’s direct action to empower individuals to stand up for what they believe in in South African and India , Ghandi inspired the whole world to do the same. The actions and principles that he utilized resulted in the global empowerment of individuals.His ethics and protesting strategies are still seen in present political rebellion. Mahatma Ghandi was a highly successful leader because he was able see injustices within society, which others experienced and encourage and enforce society to passively yet affectively ? ght in solidarity for positive change. The New Oxford American Dictionary de? nes leadership as ; the ability to lead skillfully. Mahatma Ghandi’s most prominent quality was his leadership, his superior leadership style was the main reason for his successes.There are many diverse leadership styles, such as ; Task-orientated, People-orientated, Autocratic, Collaborative/Democratic, Laissez-faire, Transformational and Cultural. Each of these leadership styles present a leader with varying leadership skills which effect the dynamics and productivity of group members. A transformational leader, such as Ghandi maintains a focus on teamwork and initiative. They provide direction and a goal for the group to achieve and encourage and empower the group members in achieving the goal.As leaders they utilise lateral thinking, promote individual growth and development and group decision making and keep the group focused and productive in reaching their goals by giving regular feedback. Transformational leaders are deeply involved in the group and are constantly enthusiastic and energetic about the input of individuals. This generates a trusting environment where group members feel comfortable to cooperate with group members. Mahatma Ghandi’s transformational leadership style was evident throughout his lifetime, despite the varying group and situation.When analysing his successes, in . particularly his ? ght for equality in South Africa between Indians and the ‘Whites’ . He was extremely involved with the Indian Society a nd produced a clear vision for Indian integration within South African Society. He was deeply involved in his group and worked enthusiastically with each member, encouraging them to strive to achieve a common goal. The reason why he was so successful is because he was able to maintain and initiate intimate relationships with the hundreds of his followers, he empowered each of them to ? ht for ‘satyagraha’ by acknowledging each of their inputs. Individuals that were part of Ghandi’s group felt involved, valued and liberated. Being part of Ghandi’s group promoted individual development. People associated with Ghandi’s group were instilled with Ghandi’s teaching of self belief, discipline and most importantly determination to attain their goals, by non-violence, non-cooperation and self sustenance. There are varying factors which in? uenced Ghandi’s transformational leadership style. The two most dominant in? uences were his culture and n ature of the group.Mahatma Ghandi was of Indian culture, this fact was reason why he was so motivated to gain Indian independence, and the segregation of Indians into South African Society. As an Indian in society, Ghandi’s environment exposed him to racial discrimination and verbal abuse and this consequently effected his growth and development. Ghandi’s resilience and egalitarian nature stemmed from the injustices he experienced, and played a signi? cant role in motivating Ghandi to achieve racial justice. Ghandi’s followers and members of the group were also Indian.Due to the fact that he and his followers shared the same culture ,they experienced the same mistreatment , discrimination and general way of life. Each of these individuals could relate to one another and this was the unifying force. Ghandi was therefore able to lead Indians based on the passion they both shared for racial equality. The nature of the group, refers to quality of relationship that t he leader obtains with the individuals part of the the group. Depending on the level of quality that the relationships hold e. g. High-quality or poor quality, leaders can be respected and have more in? ence over the members. Leaders are more likely to have high quality relationships in groups that are informal because members are able to interact positively and more openly; this was Ghandi’s case. Ghandi was able to maintain high quality relationships with the members in his groups and because of this he gained higher respect and had more in? uence over his followers. Mahatma Ghandi was a highly effective leader because he was able to lead his thousands of followers in achieving a common goal. Ghandi’s effectiveness as a leader can be measured by the successfulness of his visions.Ghandi set out to achieve Indian Independence and Racial equality in South africa and he was successful. In the process of achieving his goals, he empowered nations around the world to challe nge their governments if they had a problem and ? ght to ? x it. This shows that Ghandi was an overachiever, because he did more than he set out to and therefore was a highly effective leader. Ghandi’s strengths were his; ? De? nite purpose – Ghandi maintained a vision and a set way he was going to achieve this. His goals had purpose and so did his actions towards achieving his goals. Self Discipline – He believed that exercising his self discipline strengthened his commitment to achieve his goals. ?Integrity – He was honest about the way he lived and his beliefs , he believed that believing something and not living it was lying. He would rather have been prosecuted for his beliefs then denying them and this was sometimes the case. He stated â€Å" To believe in something, and not to live it, is dishonest†. ?Related to people – he made an effort to truly understand people, thus instilling motivation in him to achieve his goals, not only for what is right but for what the people wanted.He had an extensive understanding of the human psychology and used it along with his public relation skills. ?Self Belief and faith – He believed in himself and had faith that he could attain success. ?Flexibility – he changed his strategies and methods of challenging his oppositions to suit the situation and in turn increased the effectiveness. ?Resilience – despite setbacks he wasn’t deterred from achieving his goals, in fact he was more motivated; he learnt from his mistakes. ?Spirituality – He promoted love and peace in times when another leader would have made a call to arms. Determination ? Persistence ? Focus ? Will to ? ght for his beliefs ? Unconcern of what others thought of his actions, or how he dressed. ?The fact that he was prosecuted by authorities and publicly shamed in some circumstances did not deter him from achieving his goals. Evidently Mahatma Ghandi presented an exemplary leader b ecause of his effectiveness which came from his individual characteristics. However like every leader there are weaknesses, although Mahatma Ghandi’s weaknesses were insigni? cant, and didn’t majorly impact upon his effectiveness, they still existed.An example of this was Mahatma Ghandi’s experiments in ‘Brahamacharya’ . Gandhi became a brahamachari (celibate) when he was thirty-six. He conducted experiments in Brahamacharya which he used to develop his ability to conquer sexual feelings. Although this act was innocent through Ghandi’s eyes, he was highly criticised for it and it became a very controversial issue. He apparently slept with numerous women in order to test Brahamacharya and see if he had mastered celibacy. This event showed weakness in Ghandi as leader, because he made a commitment to elibacy, however afterwards he had sex with women in order to see if he had mastered celibacy. This act caused some of Ghandi’s followers to lack respect in him because he was no a longer a man that refrained himself of intercourse , even through he made a commitment to do so. As a leader, Ghandi created a unique style of ? ghting for what he believed in, which he referred to as ‘Satyagraha’ . As stated previously in the essay this theory that Ghandi proposed ,meant ‘truth force’ and becoming a ‘Satyagrahi’ meant a ? hter for the truth. His way of resolving and managing con? ict was in? uenced by his belief in ‘Satyagraha’. This meant that individuals were encouraged to ? ght for the truth but in doing so it had to be in a civilised manner. Ghandi is well known globally for his method of opposing the government by civil disobedience and passive resistance. This method was carried out passively, and people that employed this method were encouraged to do so in way that did not harm, violate or create violence with others, even their enemies.Ghandi’s theory enfor ced communicating your message in a peaceful and civilised manner, which is why he is so highly respected. When con? ict arose within his group or between his followers, he encouraged that they settle the dispute in a civilised manner but also effectively communicating their feelings. He encouraged that his followers didn’t simply give up but rather made sure that their opponents knew how they felt in order to understand where they were coming from. He stated â€Å" Never give in. Never. Never. Never. Never†. This mentality of Ghandi’s was re? cted in his methods of government opposition. He used passive methods such as sit-ins, boycotts, blockades and occupations of buildings, tax refusal, and alternative publications and media. More active forms of passive resistance include strikes, walkouts, protest marches, theatrical protests, and hunger strikes. Ghandi was also an advocate of forgiveness, so if there were disputes or disagreements of any kind within his g roup he encouraged his followers to forgive the other which further re? ected Ghandi’s philosophy of love, peace and forgiveness between people of religions, races and beliefs.In order for Mahatma Ghandi to have achieved leadership he followed a path which lead him to becoming a leader. Initially Ghandi started ? ghting for the improvements of Indian rights by himself, and through this process he started to gain members which shared Ghandi’s goal. As Ghandi fought for racial equality he caught the attention of others, the media and the authorities. He became well known and during this process, as people began to become familiar with Ghandi and his vision they too joined him, and his members grew and grew.He was not appointed leader by his followers, he was assumed leader. This was the same case in the instance of Ghandi ? ghting for Indian independence in India. He was able to see, by himself that it was wrong for the British to rule India and afterward with the in? ue nce of others acknowledging the same fact he gained members that shared his beliefs and also wanted independence. This then lead . Bibliography: New Oxford american dictionary – accessed from May 18 – 19. http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/leadership Accessed May 19 , 7:10 pm. ttp://www. mensxp. com/work-life/corporate-skills/3140-leadership-style-ofmahatma-gandhi-. html Accessed May 20 , 9 :30 am. . http://www. guide-to-employee-motivation. com/gandhi. html Accessed May 20, 9 :40 am. http://www. scribd. com/Kunwar23/d/6977301-Leadership-Style-of-MahatmaGandhi Accessed May 20, 10:02 am http://www. kamat. com/mmgandhi/day_with_gandhi. htm Accessed May 20, 11:21 am. . http://www. encyclopedia. com/topic/passive_resistance. aspx Accessed May 20 , 11: 42 am. http://civilresistance. info/ostergaard Accessed May 20 , 12 pm ttp://www. sikhtimes. com/books_020278a. html Accessed May 20 , 1:18 pm. . http://www. mightystudents. com/essay/Compare. strengths. weaknesses. 899 58 Accessed May 20, 1:26 pm. http://www. nndb. com/people/653/000065458/ Accessed May 20, 2:00pm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dalit Accessed 2:13 pm. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ . Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi Accessed May 20, 2:14 pm. http://www. sahistory. org. za/politics-and-society/anti-indianlegislation-1800s-1959 Accessed May 20 , 2:20pm http://www. skwirk. com. u/p-c_s-14_u-309_t-761_c-2862/historical-inquirypeople-motive-and-consequences/ nsw/historical-inquiry-peoplemotive-and-consequences/ investigating-history/historicalinquiry Accessed May 20 , 2: 55 pm . http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/power. html Accessed May 20, 3:21 pm Ghandi The peaceful revolutionary Anna Claybourne 2002 White Thomson Publishing Ltd. The wisdom Of Ghandi Trudy S. Settel 1995. . to Ghandi once again being assumed leader however never of? cially being appointed leader. In a differing case however, in 1919 Ghandi became an active member of the National Indian Congress and was of? cial ly appointed a leader.He was asked to join the National Indian Congress because his struggle for Indian Civil rights was successful, his ‘satyagraha’ campaign aroused interest and his general ability to effect great social change without employing violence. To conclude it is clear that Mahatma Ghandi was an exemplary leader. What made him such a good leader were his personal characteristics, his style of leadership and how he chose to utilise them in order to achieve his goals. It is evident that Ghandi was a successful leader because he was able to work collaboratively with his group in achieving a common goal being Indian civil rights and Independence. .

Galveston TX budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Galveston TX budget - Essay Example The budget aims to balance the preference of the community with the reality that sacrifices must be made in order to align the spending of the county’s resources and services. In the employment sector, the county strives to minimize retrenchment by aiming to use early retirement and voluntary distinction of rewards to reduce working staff and align working employees into vacant positions. To achieve this objective, the county is aiming at reducing services and programs and applying general capital or funds reserves in proposition funds. The recommended budget is designed in that it aims to restore structural balance of the following financial year, which is 2012/2013. That implies that the county will spend its means with borrowing from reserves. Policy makers warned that if the county showed some weakness on the way and did not stay on track, then it would continue relying on reserves and at one point in time, it would run short of reserves. To aid close the gap between reven ues and expenditures, the county has over time made tremendous development and progress (Hayes 51). Galveston County has: i. Reduced layoffs by eliminating vacant positions ii. Designed new service mechanism that have consolidated departments iii. It has partnered with private and public sectors to enhance safety and other services to operate well iv. It has reduced labor costs by partnering with labor organizations v. It has created various cost savings programs that will see reduction in operation cost while guarding other services, enhanced management and cut down on oil and hotel services. The main incremental approach to the development of Galveston budget is based on the financial difficulties posed by the financial crisis. The budget planners in the city of Galveston consider the revenue growth because increase in revenues can be distributed to the all programs and departments with little controversy. There is possibility of acrimony, though, when distributing revenue decreme nts during times of revenue decline (Finnkelstein 17). There are several perspectives that the policy makers need to consider when planning for the budget, for instance, by what methods will resources be distributed too services? How and where will the politicians, public, and citizens engaged during the process? Before budgeting, jurisdiction plays a critical role in that it states how the city should invest resources to meet its laid down goals and objectives. Priority assist in articulating why its plans and programs exist, what value and benefit they offer to citizen, what price the inhabitant pay for them, and what goals and citizens preferences they are settling (Finnkelstein 41). Galveston County in Texas has major six priorities, which are expressed as citizen statements: i. Well organized, planned, and developed communities within the county. The policy makers proposed that it was significant to strategize and plan infrastructure in order to maintain quality life of its cit izens. ii. Economic vitality in that Galveston County wants to have more industries that will enhance and promote a healthy and sustainable economy that does not burden its citizens. iii. Self-sufficient people and families for the Galveston citizens whereby the community provides variety of opportunities for its citizens to be self-productive and sufficient.

Business in its cultural Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business in its cultural Environment - Essay Example The material and human resources at its command are considerable, and their various orientations and expertise a veritable potential source of wealth. However, the same is also a source of difficulty for a company that has to cope with the imperfections of all human endeavor. Usually when the size of the undertaking is bigger, the imperfections become magnified, as the case appears to be here. In this case, the Airbus had difficulty integrating and coordinating among its multi-national components. The fact that the various components of the Airbus A380 were manufactured in centers located in the different countries already present logistical difficulties. However, it was the cultural divide amongst the groups of workers in the collaborating countries that posed the more serious challenge. There appear to be two general levels of cross-cultural inconsistencies in the Airbus organization. Neither of the types of problems Airbus is encountering has any bearing on racial discrimination, so much as technical mismatch. For instance, the case cited the wiring problems that materialized due to the difference in the versions of the CAD software used by technical personnel in France and in Germany. Such a problem does not bear on deep-seated cultural traits, and may be addressed by adopting standard technical systems (not just measurements or verbal language) that are consistent th roughout the organization. The case study shows that these are lapses caused by company attention being focused on power plays in internal company politics (â€Å"jostling for positionâ€Å"), and the human resources diverting its efforts to resolving legal issues rather than operational problems. Simply put, the discrepancies were the result of negligence. The second problem is more inherent to the way Airbus SAS is organized, and was highlighted by the failure of communication and coordination besetting production and design. Because of inefficiencies in operations, the